java Api操作Elasticsearch

Java Api操作Elasticsearch

导包
创建客户端
索引操作
- 创建索引
- 查看索引
- 删除索引
文档操作
- 新增文档
- 批量新增文档
- 根据ID查询文档
- 查询所有文档
- 根据ID删除文档
- 批量删除文档
- 修改文档
高级查询
- 条件查询
- 分页查询
- 排序
- 过滤字段（返回指定字段）
- 范围查询
- 模糊查询（相似的意思）
- 模糊查询(类似于MySQl的like)
- 高亮查询
- bool查询

本次使用 elasticsearch 版本为7.17.0，建议使用 7.X 版本，8.1.2版本会遇到一些 Springboot（本人使用版本2.6.6）版本不兼容的问题。此文章会列举一个例子。

导包


     org.springframework.boot
     spring-boot-starter-data-elasticsearch

创建客户端

我们在测试类中先创建一个客户端，用来向 ES 发送请求

	//创建ES客户端
	RestHighLevelClient esClient = new RestHighLevelClient(
    	RestClient.builder(new HttpHost("localhost", 9200, "http"))
	);

索引操作创建索引

测试代码如下：

	//创建索引
	CreateIndexRequest request = new CreateIndexRequest("user");
	CreateIndexResponse response = esClient.indices().create(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
	//响应状态
	boolean acknowledged = response.isAcknowledged();
	System.out.println("索引操作：" + acknowledged);

	//关闭ES客户端
	esClient.close();

控制台输出信息如下：在这里插入图片描述此处会遇到坑：运行之后报错信息如下：

Exception in thread "main" ElasticsearchStatusException[Elasticsearch exception [type=illegal_argument_exception, reason=request [/book] contains unrecognized parameter: [include_type_name]]]

原因是：CreateIndexRequest 对象有两个，导报如果是下面这个包就会报错，因为已经不推荐使用此对象去创建索引，可以看到 create() 方法也有不推荐的横线

import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.indices.create.CreateIndexRequest;

应该导包如下：

import org.elasticsearch.client.indices.CreateIndexRequest;

查看索引

测试代码如下：

	//查询索引
	GetIndexRequest getIndexRequest = new GetIndexRequest("user");
	GetIndexResponse getIndexResponse = esClient.indices().get(getIndexRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
	//相应状态
	System.out.println(getIndexResponse.getSettings());

	//关闭ES客户端
	esClient.close();

控制台输出信息如下：

{user={"index.creation_date":"1650436113234","index.number_of_replicas":"1","index.number_of_shards":"1","index.provided_name":"user","index.routing.allocation.include._tier_preference":"data_content","index.uuid":"XhZ5LlZxSJaVG3Zmjs4YJQ","index.version.created":"8010299"}}

删除索引

测试代码如下：

 	//删除索引
	DeleteIndexRequest user = new DeleteIndexRequest("user");
	AcknowledgedResponse delete = esClient.indices().delete(user, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
	//相应状态
	System.out.println("delete:" + delete.isAcknowledged());

	//关闭ES客户端
	esClient.close();

控制台输出信息如下：在这里插入图片描述

文档操作新增文档

测试代码如下：

		//创建请求对象（指明索引和ID）
        IndexRequest request = new IndexRequest();
        request.index("user").id("1001");

        User user = new User();
        user.setName("wangda");
        user.setAge(30);
        user.setSex("男");

        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
        String userJson = mapper.writeValueAsString(user);
        request.source(userJson, XContentType.JSON);

        IndexResponse response = esClient.index(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        System.out.println(response.getResult());

        //关闭ES客户端
        esClient.close();

此时遇到 ES8.1.2 版本与 Springboot 不兼容的问题：报错信息如下：

ElasticsearchException[java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: java.net.ConnectException: Timeout connecting to [/10.253.117.204:9200]

但是通过 ApiPost 查看数据已插入在这里插入图片描述经测试，ES 7.17.0 版本正常！

批量新增文档

测试代码如下：

//创建批量新增请求对象
	BulkRequest request = new BulkRequest();
	request.add(new IndexRequest().index("user").id("1002").source(XContentType.JSON, "name", "猪八戒", "age", 20, "sex", "男"));
	request.add(new IndexRequest().index("user").id("1003").source(XContentType.JSON, "name", "沙悟净", "age", 18, "sex", "男"));
	request.add(new IndexRequest().index("user").id("1004").source(XContentType.JSON, "name", "白龙马", "age", 16, "sex", "女"));
	//客户端发送请求
	BulkResponse response = esClient.bulk(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
	//打印结果信息
	System.out.println("took：" + response.getTook());
	System.out.println("items：" + response.getItems());

	//关闭ES客户端
	esClient.close();

控制台输出信息如下：在这里插入图片描述

根据ID查询文档

测试代码如下：

	GetRequest request = new GetRequest();
	request.index("user").id("1001");
	GetResponse response = esClient.get(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
	System.out.println(response.getSourceAsString());

//关闭ES客户端
esClient.close();

控制台输出结果如下：在这里插入图片描述

查询所有文档

测试代码如下：

//创建搜索请求对象
        SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest();
        request.indices("user");
        //构建查询的请求体
        SearchSourceBuilder sourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder();
        //查询所有数据
        sourceBuilder.query(QueryBuilders.matchAllQuery());
        request.source(sourceBuilder);
        SearchResponse response = esClient.search(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        //查询匹配
        SearchHits hits = response.getHits();
        for (SearchHit hit : hits) {
            System.out.println(hit.getSourceAsString());
        }

        //关闭ES客户端
        esClient.close();

控制台响应结果如下：在这里插入图片描述

根据ID删除文档

测试代码如下：

		//创建删除请求对象
        DeleteRequest request = new DeleteRequest();
        request.index("user").id("1001");

        DeleteResponse delete = esClient.delete(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        System.out.println(delete.getResult());

        //关闭ES客户端
        esClient.close();

控制台响应结果如下：在这里插入图片描述

批量删除文档

测试代码如下：

		//创建批量删除请求对象
        BulkRequest request = new BulkRequest();
        request.add(new DeleteRequest().index("user").id("1002"));
        request.add(new DeleteRequest().index("user").id("1003"));
        request.add(new DeleteRequest().index("user").id("1004"));
        //客户端发送请求
        BulkResponse response = esClient.bulk(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        //打印结果信息
        System.out.println("took：" + response.getTook());
        System.out.println("items：" + response.getItems());

        //关闭ES客户端
        esClient.close();

控制台响应结果如下：在这里插入图片描述

修改文档

测试代码如下：

		//创建修改请求对象
        UpdateRequest request = new UpdateRequest();
        request.index("user").id("101");
        request.doc(XContentType.JSON, "name", "孙悟空");

        UpdateResponse update = esClient.update(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        System.out.println(update.getResult());

        //关闭ES客户端
        esClient.close();

控制台响应结果如下：在这里插入图片描述

高级查询条件查询

测试代码如下：

		//创建搜索请求对象
        SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest();
        request.indices("user");
        //构建查询请求体
        request.source(new SearchSourceBuilder().query(QueryBuilders.matchQuery("age", 30)));
        SearchResponse response = esClient.search(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        //查询匹配
        SearchHits hits = response.getHits();
        for (SearchHit hit : hits) {
            System.out.println(hit);
        }

控制台输出结果如下：在这里插入图片描述

分页查询

测试代码如下：

		//创建搜索请求对象
        SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest();
        request.indices("user");
        //构建查询的请求体
        request.source(new SearchSourceBuilder().query(QueryBuilders.matchAllQuery()).from(0).size(2));

        SearchResponse response = esClient.search(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        SearchHits hits = response.getHits();
        for (SearchHit hit : hits) {
            System.out.println(hit);
        }

控制台输出信息如下：在这里插入图片描述

排序

测试代码如下：

		//创建搜索请求对象
        SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest();
        request.indices("user");
        //构建查询请求体
        request.source(new SearchSourceBuilder().query(QueryBuilders.matchAllQuery()).sort("age", SortOrder.DESC));

        SearchResponse response = esClient.search(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        SearchHits hits = response.getHits();
        for (SearchHit hit : hits) {
            System.out.println(hit);
        }

控制台输出信息如下：

{
  "_index" : "user",
  "_type" : "_doc",
  "_id" : "1001",
  "_score" : null,
  "_source" : {
    "name" : "孙悟空",
    "age" : 30,
    "sex" : "男"
  },
  "sort" : [
    30
  ]
}
{
  "_index" : "user",
  "_type" : "_doc",
  "_id" : "1002",
  "_score" : null,
  "_source" : {
    "name" : "猪八戒",
    "age" : 20,
    "sex" : "男"
  },
  "sort" : [
    20
  ]
}
{
  "_index" : "user",
  "_type" : "_doc",
  "_id" : "1003",
  "_score" : null,
  "_source" : {
    "name" : "沙悟净",
    "age" : 18,
    "sex" : "男"
  },
  "sort" : [
    18
  ]
}
{
  "_index" : "user",
  "_type" : "_doc",
  "_id" : "1004",
  "_score" : null,
  "_source" : {
    "name" : "白龙马",
    "age" : 16,
    "sex" : "女"
  },
  "sort" : [
    16
  ]
}

过滤字段（返回指定字段）

测试代码如下：

		//创建搜索请求对象
        SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest();
        request.indices("user");
        //构建查询请求体
        //过滤字段
        String[] excludes = {"age"};//排除字段
        String[] includes = {};//包含字段
        request.source(new SearchSourceBuilder().query(QueryBuilders.matchAllQuery()).fetchSource(includes, excludes));

        SearchResponse response = esClient.search(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        SearchHits hits = response.getHits();
        for (SearchHit hit : hits) {
            System.out.println(hit);
        }

控制台输出信息如下：在这里插入图片描述

范围查询

测试代码如下：

		//创建请求对象
        SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest();
        request.indices("user");
        //构建查询请求体
        //大于等于
        //小于等于
        request.source(new SearchSourceBuilder().query(new RangeQueryBuilder("age").gte("20").lte("30")));

        SearchResponse response = esClient.search(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        SearchHits hits = response.getHits();
        for (SearchHit hit : hits) {
            System.out.println(hit);
        }

控制台输出信息如下：在这里插入图片描述

模糊查询（相似的意思）

测试代码如下：

//创建请求对象
        SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest();
        request.indices("user");
        //构建请求体（这里的name故意写错一个字母wangdb，真实数据是wangda）
        request.source(new SearchSourceBuilder().query(QueryBuilders.fuzzyQuery("name", "wangdb").fuzziness(Fuzziness.ONE)));

        SearchResponse response = esClient.search(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        SearchHits hits = response.getHits();
        for (SearchHit hit : hits) {
            System.out.println(hit);
        }
    }

控制台输出信息如下：在这里插入图片描述

模糊查询(类似于MySQl的like)

测试代码如下：

		//创建请求对象
        SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest();
        request.indices("user");
        //构建请求体（*类似于MySQL中的%，是通配符，表示零个或多个字符，?表示一个字符）
        request.source(new SearchSourceBuilder().query(QueryBuilders.wildcardQuery("name", "*悟*")));

        SearchResponse response = esClient.search(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        SearchHits hits = response.getHits();
        for (SearchHit hit : hits) {
            System.out.println(hit);
        }

控制台输出信息如下：在这里插入图片描述

高亮查询

测试代码如下：

		//创建请求对象
        SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest().indices("user");
        //构建请求体
        //创建查询请求体构建器
        SearchSourceBuilder sourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder();
        //构建查询方式：高亮查询
        MatchPhraseQueryBuilder matchPhraseQueryBuilder = QueryBuilders.matchPhraseQuery("name", "孙悟空");

        //构建高亮字段
        HighlightBuilder highlightBuilder = new HighlightBuilder();
        highlightBuilder.preTags("");//设置标签前缀
        highlightBuilder.postTags("");//设置标签后缀
        highlightBuilder.field("name");//设置高亮字段
        //设置高亮构建对象
        sourceBuilder.highlighter(highlightBuilder);
        //设置查询方式
        sourceBuilder.query(matchPhraseQueryBuilder);
        //设置请求体
        request.source(sourceBuilder);


        SearchResponse response = esClient.search(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        SearchHits hits = response.getHits();
        for (SearchHit hit : hits) {
            System.out.println(hit);
        }

控制台输出信息如下：在这里插入图片描述

bool查询

测试代码如下：

		//创建搜索请求对象
        SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest();
        request.indices("user");
        //构建查询请求体
        SearchSourceBuilder sourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder();
        BoolQueryBuilder boolQueryBuilder = QueryBuilders.boolQuery();
        //必须包含（30岁的男性）
        boolQueryBuilder.must(QueryBuilders.matchQuery("age", 30));
        boolQueryBuilder.must(QueryBuilders.matchQuery("sex", "男"));
        //必须不
//        boolQueryBuilder.mustNot(QueryBuilders.matchQuery("name","孙"));
        //可能包含
//        boolQueryBuilder.should(QueryBuilders.matchQuery("name","白"));

        sourceBuilder.query(boolQueryBuilder);
        request.source(sourceBuilder);
        SearchResponse response = esClient.search(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
        SearchHits hits = response.getHits();
        for (SearchHit hit : hits) {
            System.out.println(hit);
        }

控制台输出信息如下：在这里插入图片描述

bool查询可以组合各种复杂的条件查询，比如类似于MySQL中的：where 条件1 and （条件2 or 条件3）

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