Apache Ant：5:使用Ivy进行依赖管理

Apache Ant中并没有直接提供依赖管理，这也是后来Maven和Gradle之类的Java构建工具能够快速抢占地盘的重要原因之一，Apache Ivy是Apache Ant的一个子项目，用来给Apache Ant提供依赖管理，这篇文章通过一个简单的Spring MVC的demo应用，结合Ant和Ivy，来介绍如何在Ant的项目中使用Ivy进行依赖管理。

demo代码

代码下载：git clone http://github.com/liumiaocn/easypack.git

代码位置：easypack/ant/ivy目录下

liumiaocn:ivy liumiao$ ls
build.xml	ivy.xml		lib		resources	src		war
liumiaocn:ivy liumiao$ tree .
.
├── build.xml
├── ivy.xml
├── lib
├── resources
│   └── logback.xml
├── src
│   └── com
│       └── liumiao
│           └── controller
│               └── HelloController.java
└── war
    ├── META-INF
    │   └── MANIFEST.MF
    ├── WEB-INF
    │   ├── lib
    │   ├── mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml
    │   ├── pages
    │   │   └── index.jsp
    │   └── web.xml
    └── resources
        └── theme1
            └── css
                └── core.css

14 directories, 9 files
liumiaocn:ivy liumiao$

构建结果

在build.xml中记载了所使用到的ivy文件，使用ant ivy命令则可下载所需要的2.5.0版本的Apache Ivy的jar文件。

liumiaocn:ivy liumiao$ ant ivy
Buildfile: /Users/liumiao/easypack/ant/ivy/build.xml

ivy:
      [get] Getting: http://search.maven.org/remotecontent?filepath=org/apache/ivy/ivy/2.5.0/ivy-2.5.0.jar
      [get] To: /Users/liumiao/.ant/lib/ivy.jar

BUILD SUCCESSFUL
Total time: 5 seconds
liumiaocn:ivy liumiao$

从构建日志中即可看到Ant中是如何使用Ivy进行依赖管理的。直接在build.xml所在的目录执行ant命令，则可以将Spring MVC所依赖的jar文件下载至lib目录下，同时生成war文件。执行日志示例如下所示：

liumiaocn:ivy liumiao$ ant
Buildfile: /Users/liumiao/easypack/ant/ivy/build.xml

clean:

init:
    [mkdir] Created dir: /Users/liumiao/easypack/ant/ivy/target
    [mkdir] Created dir: /Users/liumiao/easypack/ant/ivy/war/WEB-INF/classes

resolve:
     [echo] Getting dependencies...
[ivy:retrieve] :: Apache Ivy 2.5.0 - 20191020104435 :: https://ant.apache.org/ivy/ ::
[ivy:retrieve] :: loading settings :: url = jar:file:/Users/liumiao/.ant/lib/ivy.jar!/org/apache/ivy/core/settings/ivysettings.xml
[ivy:retrieve] :: resolving dependencies :: org.apache#WebProject;working@liumiaocn
[ivy:retrieve] 	confs: [build, runtime, test]
[ivy:retrieve] 	found org.slf4j#slf4j-api;1.7.6 in public
[ivy:retrieve] 	found jstl#jstl;1.2 in public
[ivy:retrieve] 	found ch.qos.logback#logback-classic;1.1.2 in public
[ivy:retrieve] 	found ch.qos.logback#logback-core;1.1.2 in public
[ivy:retrieve] 	found org.springframework#spring-core;4.1.3.RELEASE in public
[ivy:retrieve] 	found commons-logging#commons-logging;1.2 in public
[ivy:retrieve] 	found org.springframework#spring-beans;4.1.3.RELEASE in public
[ivy:retrieve] 	found org.springframework#spring-context;4.1.3.RELEASE in public
[ivy:retrieve] 	found org.springframework#spring-aop;4.1.3.RELEASE in public
[ivy:retrieve] 	found aopalliance#aopalliance;1.0 in public
[ivy:retrieve] 	found org.springframework#spring-expression;4.1.3.RELEASE in public
[ivy:retrieve] 	found org.springframework#spring-web;4.1.3.RELEASE in public
[ivy:retrieve] 	found org.springframework#spring-webmvc;4.1.3.RELEASE in public
[ivy:retrieve] :: resolution report :: resolve 350ms :: artifacts dl 17ms
	---------------------------------------------------------------------
	|                  |            modules            ||   artifacts   |
	|       conf       | number| search|dwnlded|evicted|| number|dwnlded|
	---------------------------------------------------------------------
	|       build      |   13  |   0   |   0   |   0   ||   13  |   0   |
	|      runtime     |   13  |   0   |   0   |   0   ||   13  |   0   |
	|       test       |   13  |   0   |   0   |   0   ||   13  |   0   |
	---------------------------------------------------------------------
[ivy:retrieve] :: retrieving :: org.apache#WebProject
[ivy:retrieve] 	confs: [build, runtime, test]
[ivy:retrieve] 	13 artifacts copied, 0 already retrieved (5920kB/28ms)

build:
    [javac] Compiling 1 source file to /Users/liumiao/easypack/ant/ivy/war/WEB-INF/classes
    [javac] warning: [options] bootstrap class path not set in conjunction with -source 1.7
    [javac] 1 warning

copy-resources:
     [copy] Copying 1 file to /Users/liumiao/easypack/ant/ivy/war/WEB-INF/classes

package:
[ivy:retrieve] :: retrieving :: org.apache#WebProject
[ivy:retrieve] 	confs: [runtime]
[ivy:retrieve] 	0 artifacts copied, 13 already retrieved (0kB/4ms)
      [war] Building war: /Users/liumiao/easypack/ant/ivy/target/antivydemo.war

main:

BUILD SUCCESSFUL
Total time: 1 second
liumiaocn:ivy liumiao$

ant命令执行之后，目录和文件的结果如下所示：

liumiaocn:ivy liumiao$ tree .
.
├── build.xml
├── ivy.xml
├── lib
│   ├── aopalliance-1.0.jar
│   ├── commons-logging-1.2.jar
│   ├── jstl-1.2.jar
│   ├── logback-classic-1.1.2.jar
│   ├── logback-core-1.1.2.jar
│   ├── slf4j-api-1.7.6.jar
│   ├── spring-aop-4.1.3.RELEASE.jar
│   ├── spring-beans-4.1.3.RELEASE.jar
│   ├── spring-context-4.1.3.RELEASE.jar
│   ├── spring-core-4.1.3.RELEASE.jar
│   ├── spring-expression-4.1.3.RELEASE.jar
│   ├── spring-web-4.1.3.RELEASE.jar
│   └── spring-webmvc-4.1.3.RELEASE.jar
├── resources
│   └── logback.xml
├── src
│   └── com
│       └── liumiao
│           └── controller
│               └── HelloController.java
├── target
│   └── antivydemo.war
└── war
    ├── META-INF
    │   └── MANIFEST.MF
    ├── WEB-INF
    │   ├── classes
    │   │   ├── com
    │   │   │   └── liumiao
    │   │   │       └── controller
    │   │   │           └── HelloController.class
    │   │   └── logback.xml
    │   ├── lib
    │   ├── mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml
    │   ├── pages
    │   │   └── index.jsp
    │   └── web.xml
    └── resources
        └── theme1
            └── css
                └── core.css

19 directories, 25 files
liumiaocn:ivy liumiao$

可以看到target目录下生成了最终的war文件，同时lib下也下载到了所需要的所有的jar文件，而这些正是通过Ivy所起到的作用。