在前面一篇文章中介绍了Dashboard 2.0.0-rc3的使用，但是证书的创建和设定使用缺省方式，在这篇文章中将进一步进行说明如何从外部创建和指定证书。
Dashboard的部署方式详细的说明可参看下文：
- https://liumiaocn.blog.csdn.net/article/details/104144132
准备如下CSR文件：
[root@host131 k8s]# cat dashboard-csr.json { "CN": "kubernetes-dashboard", "hosts": [], "key": { "algo": "rsa", "size": 2048 }, "names": [ { "C": "CN", "L": "DaLian", "ST": "LiaoNing", "O": "K8S", "OU": "System" } ] } [root@host131 k8s]#
生成证书和私钥
使用Kubernetes集群构建时使用的CA和配置设定，使用如下命令生成dashboard的证书和私钥。
执行命令：cfssl gencert -ca=/etc/ssl/ca/ca.pem -ca-key=/etc/ssl/ca/ca-key.pem -config=/etc/ssl/ca/ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes dashboard-csr.json | cfssljson -bare dashboard
执行日志示例如下所示：
[root@host131 k8s]# cfssl gencert -ca=/etc/ssl/ca/ca.pem -ca-key=/etc/ssl/ca/ca-key.pem -config=/etc/ssl/ca/ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes dashboard-csr.json | cfssljson -bare dashboard
2020/02/01 02:29:56 [INFO] generate received request
2020/02/01 02:29:56 [INFO] received CSR
2020/02/01 02:29:56 [INFO] generating key: rsa-2048
2020/02/01 02:29:56 [INFO] encoded CSR
2020/02/01 02:29:56 [INFO] signed certificate with serial number 178344385453299136705501206545903961019768969733
2020/02/01 02:29:56 [WARNING] This certificate lacks a "hosts" field. This makes it unsuitable for
websites. For more information see the Baseline Requirements for the Issuance and Management
of Publicly-Trusted Certificates, v.1.1.6, from the CA/Browser Forum (https://cabforum.org);
specifically, section 10.2.3 ("Information Requirements").
[root@host131 k8s]# ls dashboard*
dashboard.csr dashboard-csr.json dashboard-key.pem dashboard.pem
[root@host131 k8s]#
YAML文件设定
将官方建议的YAML文件中去除如下两项设定：
- namespace的创建
- 名为kubernetes-dashboard-certs的secret的创建
然后添加args中如下内容
args:
- --tls-cert-file=dashboard.pem
- --tls-key-file=dashboard-key.pem
如下的设定可以删除，也可以直接跟在之后，作为找不到文件的处理方式，但本文为了明确使用地是挂在进来的证书，此处直接将下述设定删除
--auto-generate-certificates
还可以使用另外的做法，就是直接将证书的内容（base64编码）直接保存在kubernetes-dashboard-certs的data段内，详细可参看下文方式：
- https://blog.csdn.net/liumiaocn/article/details/103356320 这种方式证书内容以硬编码的方式手动保存，和设定内容混在了一起，这里不再赘述。
使用如下步骤即可启动Dashboard服务
步骤1: 创建kubernetes-dashboard命令空间执行命令：kubectl create ns kubernetes-dashboard
[root@host131 dashboard]# kubectl create ns kubernetes-dashboard namespace/kubernetes-dashboard created [root@host131 dashboard]# kubectl get ns |grep dashboard kubernetes-dashboard Active 8s [root@host131 dashboard]#步骤2: 创建secrets
在kubernetes-dashboard命令空间中创建secrets，注意指定创建包含创建出来的证书和私钥，可使用如下命令进行创建：
执行命令： kubectl create secret generic kubernetes-dashboard-certs --from-file=/etc/ssl/k8s -n kubernetes-dashboard
执行日志如下所示
[root@host131 dashboard]# kubectl create secret generic kubernetes-dashboard-certs --from-file=/etc/ssl/k8s -n kubernetes-dashboard secret/kubernetes-dashboard-certs created [root@host131 dashboard]#
使用kubectl describe命令可以确认到此secret中包含所需要使用的证书和私钥文件，执行日志如下所示
[root@host131 dashboard]# kubectl get secret -n kubernetes-dashboard NAME TYPE DATA AGE default-token-kx9k4 kubernetes.io/service-account-token 3 3m1s kubernetes-dashboard-certs Opaque 34 16s [root@host131 dashboard]# [root@host131 dashboard]# kubectl describe secret kubernetes-dashboard-certs -n kubernetes-dashboard Name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs Namespace: kubernetes-dashboard Labels:Annotations:Type: Opaque Data ==== cert-k8s.csr: 1253 bytes cert-k8scm.csr: 1062 bytes dashboard.csr: 1013 bytes k8s-cm-csr.json: 346 bytes admin-csr.json: 287 bytes cert-aggregator.csr: 1001 bytes kube-scheduler.kubeconfig: 6349 bytes dashboard.pem: 1407 bytes kube-controller-manager.kubeconfig: 6401 bytes kubeadmin-key.pem: 1679 bytes cert-k8sch-key.pem: 1675 bytes cert-k8sch.csr: 1050 bytes cert-k8sch.pem: 1424 bytes cert-k8scm.pem: 1436 bytes dashboard-key.pem: 1679 bytes kubelet-client-2020-01-31-20-00-18.pem: 1228 bytes cert-aggregator.pem: 1391 bytes cert-k8s.pem: 1619 bytes cert-kubeproxy-key.pem: 1675 bytes k8s-csr.json: 535 bytes k8s-sch-csr.json: 337 bytes bootstrap.kubeconfig: 2169 bytes cert-k8scm-key.pem: 1675 bytes cert-aggregator-key.pem: 1679 bytes cert-k8s-key.pem: 1679 bytes cert-kubeproxy.pem: 1403 bytes kubelet-server-2020-01-31-20-00-56.pem: 1252 bytes kubeadmin.csr: 1009 bytes kubeproxy-csr.json: 230 bytes aggregator-csr.json: 281 bytes cert-kubeproxy.csr: 1009 bytes dashboard-csr.json: 291 bytes kube-proxy.kubeconfig: 6271 bytes kubeadmin.pem: 1399 bytes [root@host131 dashboard]#步骤3: 启动Dashboard服务
[root@host131 dashboard]# ls dashboard.yml [root@host131 dashboard]# kubectl create -f . serviceaccount/kubernetes-dashboard created service/kubernetes-dashboard created secret/kubernetes-dashboard-csrf created secret/kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder created configmap/kubernetes-dashboard-settings created role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/kubernetes-dashboard created deployment.apps/kubernetes-dashboard created service/dashboard-metrics-scraper created deployment.apps/dashboard-metrics-scraper created [root@host131 dashboard]#结果确认
确认服务和pod等状态
[root@host131 dashboard]# kubectl get pods -A |grep dashboard kubernetes-dashboard dashboard-metrics-scraper-7b8b58dc8b-np442 1/1 Running 0 35s kubernetes-dashboard kubernetes-dashboard-6b479fc8fc-cmpg4 1/1 Running 0 35s [root@host131 dashboard]# kubectl get service -A |grep dashboard kubernetes-dashboard dashboard-metrics-scraper ClusterIP 10.254.56.1698000/TCP 43s kubernetes-dashboard kubernetes-dashboard NodePort 10.254.91.222443:33307/TCP 43s [root@host131 dashboard]# kubectl get deployment -A |grep dashboard kubernetes-dashboard dashboard-metrics-scraper 1/1 1 1 52s kubernetes-dashboard kubernetes-dashboard 1/1 1 1 52s [root@host131 dashboard]#
获取token信息
[root@host131 dashboard]# kubectl get secret -n kubernetes-dashboard
NAME TYPE DATA AGE
default-token-kx9k4 kubernetes.io/service-account-token 3 7m26s
kubernetes-dashboard-certs Opaque 34 4m41s
kubernetes-dashboard-csrf Opaque 1 94s
kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder Opaque 2 94s
kubernetes-dashboard-token-flzjd kubernetes.io/service-account-token 3 94s
[root@host131 dashboard]# kubectl describe secret kubernetes-dashboard-token-flzjd -n kubernetes-dashboard
Name: kubernetes-dashboard-token-flzjd
Namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
Labels:Annotations: kubernetes.io/service-account.name: kubernetes-dashboard
kubernetes.io/service-account.uid: 8fbee1fa-399a-4d91-b27d-dd55d119b869
Type: kubernetes.io/service-account-token
Data
====
ca.crt: 1359 bytes
namespace: 20 bytes
token: eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6Ikt5aFRwRXR6M1hMLU5GTjg0M0R1LTNfNTZLOVNhVUxZd1BSZW9HNGJrMVEifQ.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.M0HUoA7Xbe5HR-LgpHtqdUQIgP8LlzfqtMm-lZ8JJaVByHJDd8M7eiICNCS08cFtUkWVb8vF53nzf_MTQufiKxS4qNFwjwoP2wbi_IGx6RwO9VWCSev2EmIiuBceTqHxXZsqRLO-fK8GuGiorW6RQb202k6gZCUTCpAR8QC_vvY8UPU1Y2CzCKaD5XUDvaZ-KFDPcQlxTH89k6BlT06Ik0NNbejSw66k_vPoiDFnbGQEvtRGdqZ2XCzOF8ASUbKcalQL-9dM-vAr1KLuR4sn32hseFPDPSPCXiSFSietS2N6X_Fz3Al6iIFTsCZXfTdG3R0dbO-SKJQ6vNLO4XST5w
[root@host131 dashboard]#
选择token方式登录，输入上述token信息
点击Sigin in即可登录进入Dashboard界面中了
这样就使用了外部的证书进行了Dashboard服务的启动。
[root@host131 dashboard]# cat dashboard.yml # Copyright 2017 The Kubernetes Authors. # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. --- apiVersion: v1 kind: ServiceAccount metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard name: kubernetes-dashboard namespace: kubernetes-dashboard --- kind: Service apiVersion: v1 metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard name: kubernetes-dashboard namespace: kubernetes-dashboard spec: type: NodePort ports: - port: 443 targetPort: 8443 nodePort: 33307 selector: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard --- apiVersion: v1 kind: Secret metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard name: kubernetes-dashboard-csrf namespace: kubernetes-dashboard type: Opaque data: csrf: "" --- apiVersion: v1 kind: Secret metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard name: kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder namespace: kubernetes-dashboard type: Opaque --- kind: ConfigMap apiVersion: v1 metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard name: kubernetes-dashboard-settings namespace: kubernetes-dashboard --- kind: Role apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard name: kubernetes-dashboard namespace: kubernetes-dashboard rules: # Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets. - apiGroups: [""] resources: ["secrets"] resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs", "kubernetes-dashboard-csrf"] verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"] # Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map. - apiGroups: [""] resources: ["configmaps"] resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"] verbs: ["get", "update"] # Allow Dashboard to get metrics. - apiGroups: [""] resources: ["services"] resourceNames: ["heapster", "dashboard-metrics-scraper"] verbs: ["proxy"] - apiGroups: [""] resources: ["services/proxy"] resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:", "dashboard-metrics-scraper", "http:dashboard-metrics-scraper"] verbs: ["get"] --- kind: ClusterRole apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard name: kubernetes-dashboard rules: # Allow Metrics Scraper to get metrics from the Metrics server - apiGroups: ["metrics.k8s.io"] resources: ["pods", "nodes"] verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"] --- apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 kind: RoleBinding metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard name: kubernetes-dashboard namespace: kubernetes-dashboard roleRef: apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io kind: Role name: kubernetes-dashboard subjects: - kind: ServiceAccount name: kubernetes-dashboard namespace: kubernetes-dashboard --- apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 kind: ClusterRoleBinding metadata: name: kubernetes-dashboard roleRef: apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io kind: ClusterRole name: kubernetes-dashboard subjects: - kind: ServiceAccount name: kubernetes-dashboard namespace: kubernetes-dashboard --- kind: Deployment apiVersion: apps/v1 metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard name: kubernetes-dashboard namespace: kubernetes-dashboard spec: replicas: 1 revisionHistoryLimit: 10 selector: matchLabels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard template: metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard spec: containers: - name: kubernetes-dashboard image: kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.0.0-rc3 imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent ports: - containerPort: 8443 protocol: TCP args: - --tls-cert-file=dashboard.pem - --tls-key-file=dashboard-key.pem - --namespace=kubernetes-dashboard # Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host # If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect # to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work. # - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:port volumeMounts: - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs mountPath: /certs # Create on-disk volume to store exec logs - mountPath: /tmp name: tmp-volume livenessProbe: httpGet: scheme: HTTPS path: / port: 8443 initialDelaySeconds: 30 timeoutSeconds: 30 securityContext: allowPrivilegeEscalation: false readOnlyRootFilesystem: true runAsUser: 1001 runAsGroup: 2001 volumes: - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs secret: secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs - name: tmp-volume emptyDir: {} serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard nodeSelector: "beta.kubernetes.io/os": linux # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master tolerations: - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master effect: NoSchedule --- kind: Service apiVersion: v1 metadata: labels: k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper name: dashboard-metrics-scraper namespace: kubernetes-dashboard spec: ports: - port: 8000 targetPort: 8000 selector: k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper --- kind: Deployment apiVersion: apps/v1 metadata: labels: k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper name: dashboard-metrics-scraper namespace: kubernetes-dashboard spec: replicas: 1 revisionHistoryLimit: 10 selector: matchLabels: k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper template: metadata: labels: k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper annotations: seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/pod: 'runtime/default' spec: containers: - name: dashboard-metrics-scraper image: kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.3 ports: - containerPort: 8000 protocol: TCP livenessProbe: httpGet: scheme: HTTP path: / port: 8000 initialDelaySeconds: 30 timeoutSeconds: 30 volumeMounts: - mountPath: /tmp name: tmp-volume securityContext: allowPrivilegeEscalation: false readOnlyRootFilesystem: true runAsUser: 1001 runAsGroup: 2001 serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard nodeSelector: "beta.kubernetes.io/os": linux # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master tolerations: - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master effect: NoSchedule volumes: - name: tmp-volume emptyDir: {} [root@host131 dashboard]#
参考内容
https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard/blob/master/docs/user/certificate-management.md#self-signed-certificate https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard/blob/master/docs/user/installation.md#recommended-setup
