boost智能指针之shared_ptr，scoped_ptr，intrusive_ptr，weak_ptr源码简析

boost库实现了各种智能指针，基本上都纳入了c++11标准中，boost库的smart_ptr目录下就是各种指针的实现了：

1.shared_ptr

template class shared_ptr
{
private:

    // Borland 5.5.1 specific workaround
    typedef shared_ptr this_type;

public:

    typedef typename boost::detail::sp_element< T >::type element_type;

    shared_ptr() BOOST_NOEXCEPT : px( 0 ), pn() // never throws in 1.30+
    {
    }

#if !defined( BOOST_NO_CXX11_NULLPTR )

    shared_ptr( boost::detail::sp_nullptr_t ) BOOST_NOEXCEPT : px( 0 ), pn() // never throws
    {
    }

#endif

    template
    explicit shared_ptr( Y * p ): px( p ), pn() // Y must be complete
    {
        boost::detail::sp_pointer_construct( this, p, pn );
    }

    //
    // Requirements: D's copy constructor must not throw
    //
    // shared_ptr will release p by calling d(p)
    //

    template shared_ptr( Y * p, D d ): px( p ), pn( p, d )
    {
        boost::detail::sp_deleter_construct( this, p );
    }

#if !defined( BOOST_NO_CXX11_NULLPTR )

    template shared_ptr( boost::detail::sp_nullptr_t p, D d ): px( p ), pn( p, d )
    {
    }

#endif

    // As above, but with allocator. A's copy constructor shall not throw.

    template shared_ptr( Y * p, D d, A a ): px( p ), pn( p, d, a )
    {
        boost::detail::sp_deleter_construct( this, p );
    }

#if !defined( BOOST_NO_CXX11_NULLPTR )

    template shared_ptr( boost::detail::sp_nullptr_t p, D d, A a ): px( p ), pn( p, d, a )
    {
    }

#endif

//  generated copy constructor, destructor are fine...

#if !defined( BOOST_NO_CXX11_RVALUE_REFERENCES )

// ... except in C++0x, move disables the implicit copy

    shared_ptr( shared_ptr const & r ) BOOST_NOEXCEPT : px( r.px ), pn( r.pn )
    {
    }

#endif

    template
    explicit shared_ptr( weak_ptr const & r ): pn( r.pn ) // may throw
    {
        boost::detail::sp_assert_convertible< Y, T >();

        // it is now safe to copy r.px, as pn(r.pn) did not throw
        px = r.px;
    }

    template
    shared_ptr( weak_ptr const & r, boost::detail::sp_nothrow_tag )
    BOOST_NOEXCEPT : px( 0 ), pn( r.pn, boost::detail::sp_nothrow_tag() )
    {
        if( !pn.empty() )
        {
            px = r.px;
        }
    }

    template
#if !defined( BOOST_SP_NO_SP_CONVERTIBLE )

    shared_ptr( shared_ptr const & r, typename boost::detail::sp_enable_if_convertible::type = boost::detail::sp_empty() )

#else

    shared_ptr( shared_ptr const & r )

#endif
    BOOST_NOEXCEPT : px( r.px ), pn( r.pn )
    {
        boost::detail::sp_assert_convertible< Y, T >();
    }

    // aliasing
    template< class Y >
    shared_ptr( shared_ptr const & r, element_type * p ) BOOST_NOEXCEPT : px( p ), pn( r.pn )
    {
    }

#ifndef BOOST_NO_AUTO_PTR

    template
    explicit shared_ptr( std::auto_ptr & r ): px(r.get()), pn()
    {
        boost::detail::sp_assert_convertible< Y, T >();

        Y * tmp = r.get();
        pn = boost::detail::shared_count( r );

        boost::detail::sp_deleter_construct( this, tmp );
    }

#if !defined( BOOST_NO_CXX11_RVALUE_REFERENCES )

    template
    shared_ptr( std::auto_ptr && r ): px(r.get()), pn()
    {
        boost::detail::sp_assert_convertible< Y, T >();

        Y * tmp = r.get();
        pn = boost::detail::shared_count( r );

        boost::detail::sp_deleter_construct( this, tmp );
    }

#elif !defined( BOOST_NO_SFINAE ) && !defined( BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION )

    template
    explicit shared_ptr( Ap r, typename boost::detail::sp_enable_if_auto_ptr::type = 0 ): px( r.get() ), pn()
    {
        typedef typename Ap::element_type Y;

        boost::detail::sp_assert_convertible< Y, T >();

        Y * tmp = r.get();
        pn = boost::detail::shared_count( r );

        boost::detail::sp_deleter_construct( this, tmp );
    }

#endif // BOOST_NO_SFINAE, BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION

#endif // BOOST_NO_AUTO_PTR

#if !defined( BOOST_NO_CXX11_SMART_PTR ) && !defined( BOOST_NO_CXX11_RVALUE_REFERENCES )

    template< class Y, class D >
    shared_ptr( std::unique_ptr< Y, D > && r ): px( r.get() ), pn()
    {
        boost::detail::sp_assert_convertible< Y, T >();

        typename std::unique_ptr< Y, D >::pointer tmp = r.get();
        pn = boost::detail::shared_count( r );

        boost::detail::sp_deleter_construct( this, tmp );
    }

#endif

    // assignment

    shared_ptr & operator=( shared_ptr const & r ) BOOST_NOEXCEPT
    {
        this_type(r).swap(*this);
        return *this;
    }

#if !defined(BOOST_MSVC) || (BOOST_MSVC >= 1400)

    template
    shared_ptr & operator=(shared_ptr const & r) BOOST_NOEXCEPT
    {
        this_type(r).swap(*this);
        return *this;
    }

#endif

#ifndef BOOST_NO_AUTO_PTR

    template
    shared_ptr & operator=( std::auto_ptr & r )
    {
        this_type( r ).swap( *this );
        return *this;
    }

#if !defined( BOOST_NO_CXX11_RVALUE_REFERENCES )

    template
    shared_ptr & operator=( std::auto_ptr && r )
    {
        this_type( static_cast< std::auto_ptr && >( r ) ).swap( *this );
        return *this;
    }

#elif !defined( BOOST_NO_SFINAE ) && !defined( BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION )

    template
    typename boost::detail::sp_enable_if_auto_ptr< Ap, shared_ptr & >::type operator=( Ap r )
    {
        this_type( r ).swap( *this );
        return *this;
    }

#endif // BOOST_NO_SFINAE, BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION

#endif // BOOST_NO_AUTO_PTR

#if !defined( BOOST_NO_CXX11_SMART_PTR ) && !defined( BOOST_NO_CXX11_RVALUE_REFERENCES )

    template
    shared_ptr & operator=( std::unique_ptr && r )
    {
        this_type( static_cast< std::unique_ptr && >( r ) ).swap(*this);
        return *this;
    }

#endif

// Move support

#if !defined( BOOST_NO_CXX11_RVALUE_REFERENCES )

    shared_ptr( shared_ptr && r ) BOOST_NOEXCEPT : px( r.px ), pn()
    {
        pn.swap( r.pn );
        r.px = 0;
    }

    template
#if !defined( BOOST_SP_NO_SP_CONVERTIBLE )

    shared_ptr( shared_ptr && r, typename boost::detail::sp_enable_if_convertible::type = boost::detail::sp_empty() )

#else

    shared_ptr( shared_ptr && r )

#endif
    BOOST_NOEXCEPT : px( r.px ), pn()
    {
        boost::detail::sp_assert_convertible< Y, T >();

        pn.swap( r.pn );
        r.px = 0;
    }

    shared_ptr & operator=( shared_ptr && r ) BOOST_NOEXCEPT
    {
        this_type( static_cast< shared_ptr && >( r ) ).swap( *this );
        return *this;
    }

    template
    shared_ptr & operator=( shared_ptr && r ) BOOST_NOEXCEPT
    {
        this_type( static_cast< shared_ptr && >( r ) ).swap( *this );
        return *this;
    }

#endif

#if !defined( BOOST_NO_CXX11_NULLPTR )

    shared_ptr & operator=( boost::detail::sp_nullptr_t ) BOOST_NOEXCEPT // never throws
    {
        this_type().swap(*this);
        return *this;
    }

#endif

    void reset() BOOST_NOEXCEPT // never throws in 1.30+
    {
        this_type().swap(*this);
    }

    template void reset( Y * p ) // Y must be complete
    {
        BOOST_ASSERT( p == 0 || p != px ); // catch self-reset errors
        this_type( p ).swap( *this );
    }

    template void reset( Y * p, D d )
    {
        this_type( p, d ).swap( *this );
    }

    template void reset( Y * p, D d, A a )
    {
        this_type( p, d, a ).swap( *this );
    }

    template void reset( shared_ptr const & r, element_type * p )
    {
        this_type( r, p ).swap( *this );
    }
    
    // never throws (but has a BOOST_ASSERT in it, so not marked with BOOST_NOEXCEPT)
    typename boost::detail::sp_dereference< T >::type operator* () const
    {
        BOOST_ASSERT( px != 0 );
        return *px;
    }
    
    // never throws (but has a BOOST_ASSERT in it, so not marked with BOOST_NOEXCEPT)
    typename boost::detail::sp_member_access< T >::type operator-> () const 
    {
        BOOST_ASSERT( px != 0 );
        return px;
    }
    
    // never throws (but has a BOOST_ASSERT in it, so not marked with BOOST_NOEXCEPT)
    typename boost::detail::sp_array_access< T >::type operator[] ( std::ptrdiff_t i ) const
    {
        BOOST_ASSERT( px != 0 );
        BOOST_ASSERT( i >= 0 && ( i < boost::detail::sp_extent< T >::value || boost::detail::sp_extent< T >::value == 0 ) );

        return px[ i ];
    }

    element_type * get() const BOOST_NOEXCEPT
    {
        return px;
    }

// implicit conversion to "bool"
#include 

    bool unique() const BOOST_NOEXCEPT
    {
        return pn.unique();
    }

    long use_count() const BOOST_NOEXCEPT
    {
        return pn.use_count();
    }

    void swap( shared_ptr & other ) BOOST_NOEXCEPT
    {
        std::swap(px, other.px);
        pn.swap(other.pn);
    }

    template bool owner_before( shared_ptr const & rhs ) const BOOST_NOEXCEPT
    {
        return pn < rhs.pn;
    }

    template bool owner_before( weak_ptr const & rhs ) const BOOST_NOEXCEPT
    {
        return pn < rhs.pn;
    }

    void * _internal_get_deleter( boost::detail::sp_typeinfo const & ti ) const BOOST_NOEXCEPT
    {
        return pn.get_deleter( ti );
    }

    void * _internal_get_untyped_deleter() const BOOST_NOEXCEPT
    {
        return pn.get_untyped_deleter();
    }

    bool _internal_equiv( shared_ptr const & r ) const BOOST_NOEXCEPT
    {
        return px == r.px && pn == r.pn;
    }

// Tasteless as this may seem, making all members public allows member templates
// to work in the absence of member template friends. (Matthew Langston)

#ifndef BOOST_NO_MEMBER_TEMPLATE_FRIENDS

private:

    template friend class shared_ptr;
    template friend class weak_ptr;


#endif

    element_type * px;                 // contained pointer
    boost::detail::shared_count pn;    // reference counter

};  // shared_ptr

可以看到里面的两个成员变量：

element_type * px;                 // contained pointer
boost::detail::shared_count pn;    // reference counter

px用于保存原始指针，pn用于指针引用计数，构造函数和赋值运算符都是public，表示可以由shared_ptr构造、赋值，大部分情况下使用这个了，唯一缺点是两个类都用对方成员变量shared_ptr时，由于循环引用，使得引用计数无法减为0导致智能指针无法释放。

2.weak_ptr

template class weak_ptr
{
private:

    // Borland 5.5.1 specific workarounds
    typedef weak_ptr this_type;

public:

    typedef typename boost::detail::sp_element< T >::type element_type;

    weak_ptr() BOOST_NOEXCEPT : px(0), pn() // never throws in 1.30+
    {
    }

//  generated copy constructor, assignment, destructor are fine...

#if !defined( BOOST_NO_CXX11_RVALUE_REFERENCES )

// ... except in C++0x, move disables the implicit copy

    weak_ptr( weak_ptr const & r ) BOOST_NOEXCEPT : px( r.px ), pn( r.pn )
    {
    }

    weak_ptr & operator=( weak_ptr const & r ) BOOST_NOEXCEPT
    {
        px = r.px;
        pn = r.pn;
        return *this;
    }

#endif

//
//  The "obvious" converting constructor implementation:
//
//  template
//  weak_ptr(weak_ptr const & r): px(r.px), pn(r.pn) // never throws
//  {
//  }
//
//  has a serious problem.
//
//  r.px may already have been invalidated. The px(r.px)
//  conversion may require access to *r.px (virtual inheritance).
//
//  It is not possible to avoid spurious access violations since
//  in multithreaded programs r.px may be invalidated at any point.
//

    template
#if !defined( BOOST_SP_NO_SP_CONVERTIBLE )

    weak_ptr( weak_ptr const & r, typename boost::detail::sp_enable_if_convertible::type = boost::detail::sp_empty() )

#else

    weak_ptr( weak_ptr const & r )

#endif
    BOOST_NOEXCEPT : px(r.lock().get()), pn(r.pn)
    {
        boost::detail::sp_assert_convertible< Y, T >();
    }

#if !defined( BOOST_NO_CXX11_RVALUE_REFERENCES )

    template
#if !defined( BOOST_SP_NO_SP_CONVERTIBLE )

    weak_ptr( weak_ptr && r, typename boost::detail::sp_enable_if_convertible::type = boost::detail::sp_empty() )

#else

    weak_ptr( weak_ptr && r )

#endif
    BOOST_NOEXCEPT : px( r.lock().get() ), pn( static_cast< boost::detail::weak_count && >( r.pn ) )
    {
        boost::detail::sp_assert_convertible< Y, T >();
        r.px = 0;
    }

    // for better efficiency in the T == Y case
    weak_ptr( weak_ptr && r )
    BOOST_NOEXCEPT : px( r.px ), pn( static_cast< boost::detail::weak_count && >( r.pn ) )
    {
        r.px = 0;
    }

    // for better efficiency in the T == Y case
    weak_ptr & operator=( weak_ptr && r ) BOOST_NOEXCEPT
    {
        this_type( static_cast< weak_ptr && >( r ) ).swap( *this );
        return *this;
    }


#endif

    template
#if !defined( BOOST_SP_NO_SP_CONVERTIBLE )

    weak_ptr( shared_ptr const & r, typename boost::detail::sp_enable_if_convertible::type = boost::detail::sp_empty() )

#else

    weak_ptr( shared_ptr const & r )

#endif
    BOOST_NOEXCEPT : px( r.px ), pn( r.pn )
    {
        boost::detail::sp_assert_convertible< Y, T >();
    }

#if !defined(BOOST_MSVC) || (BOOST_MSVC >= 1300)

    template
    weak_ptr & operator=( weak_ptr const & r ) BOOST_NOEXCEPT
    {
        boost::detail::sp_assert_convertible< Y, T >();

        px = r.lock().get();
        pn = r.pn;

        return *this;
    }

#if !defined( BOOST_NO_CXX11_RVALUE_REFERENCES )

    template
    weak_ptr & operator=( weak_ptr && r ) BOOST_NOEXCEPT
    {
        this_type( static_cast< weak_ptr && >( r ) ).swap( *this );
        return *this;
    }

#endif

    template
    weak_ptr & operator=( shared_ptr const & r ) BOOST_NOEXCEPT
    {
        boost::detail::sp_assert_convertible< Y, T >();

        px = r.px;
        pn = r.pn;

        return *this;
    }

#endif

    shared_ptr lock() const BOOST_NOEXCEPT
    {
        return shared_ptr( *this, boost::detail::sp_nothrow_tag() );
    }

    long use_count() const BOOST_NOEXCEPT
    {
        return pn.use_count();
    }

    bool expired() const BOOST_NOEXCEPT
    {
        return pn.use_count() == 0;
    }

    bool _empty() const // extension, not in std::weak_ptr
    {
        return pn.empty();
    }

    void reset() BOOST_NOEXCEPT // never throws in 1.30+
    {
        this_type().swap(*this);
    }

    void swap(this_type & other) BOOST_NOEXCEPT
    {
        std::swap(px, other.px);
        pn.swap(other.pn);
    }

    template
    void _internal_aliasing_assign(weak_ptr const & r, element_type * px2)
    {
        px = px2;
        pn = r.pn;
    }

    template bool owner_before( weak_ptr const & rhs ) const BOOST_NOEXCEPT
    {
        return pn < rhs.pn;
    }

    template bool owner_before( shared_ptr const & rhs ) const BOOST_NOEXCEPT
    {
        return pn < rhs.pn;
    }

// Tasteless as this may seem, making all members public allows member templates
// to work in the absence of member template friends. (Matthew Langston)

#ifndef BOOST_NO_MEMBER_TEMPLATE_FRIENDS

private:

    template friend class weak_ptr;
    template friend class shared_ptr;

#endif

    element_type * px;            // contained pointer
    boost::detail::weak_count pn; // reference counter

};  // weak_ptr

还是2个成员变量：

template friend class weak_ptr;
template friend class shared_ptr;

与shared_ptr不同的是引用计数的类型为weak_count，在detail里面的表示引用计数使用detail里面的弱引用实现，表示通过shared_ptr构造时不修改引用计数，适用循环引用的情况，一般作为shared_ptr出现循环引用的情况补充。

3.scoped_ptr

template class scoped_ptr // noncopyable
{
private:

    T * px;

    scoped_ptr(scoped_ptr const &);
    scoped_ptr & operator=(scoped_ptr const &);

    typedef scoped_ptr this_type;

    void operator==( scoped_ptr const& ) const;
    void operator!=( scoped_ptr const& ) const;

public:

    typedef T element_type;

    explicit scoped_ptr( T * p = 0 ): px( p ) // never throws
    {
#if defined(BOOST_SP_ENABLE_DEBUG_HOOKS)
        boost::sp_scalar_constructor_hook( px );
#endif
    }

#ifndef BOOST_NO_AUTO_PTR

    explicit scoped_ptr( std::auto_ptr p ) BOOST_NOEXCEPT : px( p.release() )
    {
#if defined(BOOST_SP_ENABLE_DEBUG_HOOKS)
        boost::sp_scalar_constructor_hook( px );
#endif
    }

#endif

    ~scoped_ptr() // never throws
    {
#if defined(BOOST_SP_ENABLE_DEBUG_HOOKS)
        boost::sp_scalar_destructor_hook( px );
#endif
        boost::checked_delete( px );
    }

    void reset(T * p = 0) // never throws
    {
        BOOST_ASSERT( p == 0 || p != px ); // catch self-reset errors
        this_type(p).swap(*this);
    }

    T & operator*() const // never throws
    {
        BOOST_ASSERT( px != 0 );
        return *px;
    }

    T * operator->() const // never throws
    {
        BOOST_ASSERT( px != 0 );
        return px;
    }

    T * get() const BOOST_NOEXCEPT
    {
        return px;
    }

// implicit conversion to "bool"
#include 

    void swap(scoped_ptr & b) BOOST_NOEXCEPT
    {
        T * tmp = b.px;
        b.px = px;
        px = tmp;
    }
};

与上面不同的是，只有一个成员保存原始指针的成员px，表明它不支持引用计数：

T * px;

拷贝构造和赋值都是private，说明禁止指针复制和拷贝构造

private:

    T * px;

    scoped_ptr(scoped_ptr const &);
    scoped_ptr & operator=(scoped_ptr const &);

    typedef scoped_ptr this_type;

    void operator==( scoped_ptr const& ) const;
    void operator!=( scoped_ptr const& ) const;

4.intrusive_ptr

template class intrusive_ptr
{
private:

    typedef intrusive_ptr this_type;

public:

    typedef T element_type;

    intrusive_ptr() BOOST_NOEXCEPT : px( 0 )
    {
    }

    intrusive_ptr( T * p, bool add_ref = true ): px( p )
    {
        if( px != 0 && add_ref ) intrusive_ptr_add_ref( px );
    }

#if !defined(BOOST_NO_MEMBER_TEMPLATES) || defined(BOOST_MSVC6_MEMBER_TEMPLATES)

    template
#if !defined( BOOST_SP_NO_SP_CONVERTIBLE )

    intrusive_ptr( intrusive_ptr const & rhs, typename boost::detail::sp_enable_if_convertible::type = boost::detail::sp_empty() )

#else

    intrusive_ptr( intrusive_ptr const & rhs )

#endif
    : px( rhs.get() )
    {
        if( px != 0 ) intrusive_ptr_add_ref( px );
    }

#endif

    intrusive_ptr(intrusive_ptr const & rhs): px( rhs.px )
    {
        if( px != 0 ) intrusive_ptr_add_ref( px );
    }

    ~intrusive_ptr()
    {
        if( px != 0 ) intrusive_ptr_release( px );
    }

#if !defined(BOOST_NO_MEMBER_TEMPLATES) || defined(BOOST_MSVC6_MEMBER_TEMPLATES)

    template intrusive_ptr & operator=(intrusive_ptr const & rhs)
    {
        this_type(rhs).swap(*this);
        return *this;
    }

#endif

// Move support

#if !defined( BOOST_NO_CXX11_RVALUE_REFERENCES )

    intrusive_ptr(intrusive_ptr && rhs) BOOST_NOEXCEPT : px( rhs.px )
    {
        rhs.px = 0;
    }

    intrusive_ptr & operator=(intrusive_ptr && rhs) BOOST_NOEXCEPT
    {
        this_type( static_cast< intrusive_ptr && >( rhs ) ).swap(*this);
        return *this;
    }

#endif

    intrusive_ptr & operator=(intrusive_ptr const & rhs)
    {
        this_type(rhs).swap(*this);
        return *this;
    }

    intrusive_ptr & operator=(T * rhs)
    {
        this_type(rhs).swap(*this);
        return *this;
    }

    void reset() BOOST_NOEXCEPT
    {
        this_type().swap( *this );
    }

    void reset( T * rhs )
    {
        this_type( rhs ).swap( *this );
    }

    T * get() const BOOST_NOEXCEPT
    {
        return px;
    }

    T & operator*() const
    {
        BOOST_ASSERT( px != 0 );
        return *px;
    }

    T * operator->() const
    {
        BOOST_ASSERT( px != 0 );
        return px;
    }

// implicit conversion to "bool"
#include 

    void swap(intrusive_ptr & rhs) BOOST_NOEXCEPT
    {
        T * tmp = px;
        px = rhs.px;
        rhs.px = tmp;
    }

private:

    T * px;
};

依然只有保存原始指针的成员变量，没有引用计数的成员变量，不过里面出现了两个类中没有定义的函数：

 intrusive_ptr(intrusive_ptr const & rhs): px( rhs.px )
    {
        if( px != 0 ) intrusive_ptr_add_ref( px );
    }

    ~intrusive_ptr()
    {
        if( px != 0 ) intrusive_ptr_release( px );
    }

intrusive_ptr_add_ref( T * )和intrusive_ptr_release(T * )都作用于用户原始指针，用户要在两个函数中实现引用计数以及指针的销毁，找了一下网上作为友元函数的实现：

friend void intrusive_ptr_add_ref(intrusive_ptr_base const* s)  
    {  
        // 下面代码只是为了演示  
        std::cout = 0);  
        ++s->ref_count;  
    }  
    // 递增引用计数  
    // 用友元函数的方式来实现，避免了函数指针类型的转换  
    // 例如：  
    // template void intrusive_ptr_release(T* t)  
    // {  
    //     T->release(); // 此处需要定义T的原型  
    // }  
    friend void intrusive_ptr_release(intrusive_ptr_base const* s)  
    {  
        // 下面代码只是为了演示  
        std::cout = 0);  
        if (--s->ref_count == 0)  
        {  
            // 进行静态类型检查，防止出错  
            boost::checked_delete(static_cast(s));  
        }  
    }  

智能指针的几个参考资料

http://www.cnblogs.com/sld666666/archive/2010/12/16/1908265.html

http://blog.csdn.net/callmeback/article/details/7729251

http://blog.csdn.net/yockie/article/details/8840205

http://blog.csdn.net/lanxuezaipiao/article/details/41603883

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