目标:
- RU:Rollup
- VP:Validity Proof
zkevm的一些定制化设计考虑:
- Implement Linearization
- BLS12 Integration for KZG
- Implement Z(X) Based Multiopen Strategy for KZG
- EVM Compatible Transcript
- EVM Verifier
- FRI Integration
- KZG Integration
- Implement Semi-Recursive System
- Public Inputs
目标:RU,VP
当前在halo2中并未实现linearization技术。因此需要将所有even fixed column evaluations发送给Prover。为了减小proof size,同时减少Verifier group operations,有2种解决办法:
- 在circuit finalized之后customize prover
- 实现适于所有circuit的auto linearisation
目标:RU,VP
For RU:在EVM中将最终支持BLS12,从而有可能拥有比BN256更便宜的group and pairing operations,但是目前仍然使用的是BN256。
4. Implement Z(X) Based Multiopen Strategy for KZG目标:RU, VP
For RU:对于BN setting,应尽量避免G2 operations,因此Plonk论文中的batch opening技术可能是最优的。但是,在验证G2 operations时,有一个很酷的trick——使用pairing and G1 add and mul precompiles。 因此,应平衡增加few pairing terms and g1 operations to use Z(X) and multiopening without G2 operations。
相关参考资料有:
- https://hackmd.io/@tompocock/shplonk
- https://zcash.github.io/halo2/design/proving-system/multipoint-opening.html
目标:RU
- 目前halo2中仅有blake2,需增加keccak256和sha256
- 为了避免在EVM中昂贵的point decompression操作,需增加uncompressed point read/write。
目标:RU 在对state circuits和execution circuits完成固化后,需在KZG和BN254 setup的情况下实现EVM verifier。因此需要在halo2现有通用verifier的基础上,增加一个专用verifier。
7. FRI Integration目标:VP
8. KZG Integration目标:VP, RU
在halo2库中增加支持BN256 curve的KZG multiopen: 详细参看:
- https://github.com/kilic/halo2/tree/kzg
该分支需merge到halo2库中最新更新。
9. Implement Semi-Recursive System目标:VP, RU 所谓semi-recursive是指: 定义a system where we verify some part of proof in a circuit and defer pairing out of the circuit to L1 for example。aztec在其proof system做了相应实现。
在Hermez中介绍了Stark verifier:
- https://youtu.be/17d5DG6L2nw?t=1764
若可实现semi-recursive system,可重新考虑Z(X) Based Multiopen Strategy for RU since G2 ops are moved to the circuit。
10. Public Inputs如何给Verifier端传输public inputs。目前有2种方式:
-
方法一:与halo2库类似。该方法是efficient in recursion context (I think only for two layer) to avoid hashing many things in the circuit。 Prover:发送evaluations of public input polynomial。 Verifier: 1)commits to public input polynomial 2)adds commitment to the transcript and squeeze the evaluation point 3)checks circuit equation with public input evaluations 4)checks the opening public input polynomial
-
方法二:更接近于plonk论文中的实现。若想在Verifier段避免group operations,该方法很有效。 详细可看halo2库中的experimental PR 以及 如何借助halo2工具来计算public input evals。 Prover:sends nothing about public inputs Verifier: 1)adds public input values to the transcript and squeeze the evaluation point. 2)calculates public input evaluations 3)checks circuit equation with public input evaluations
[1] https://hackmd.io/@liangcc/zkvmbook/%2FCUWxTKjwS1OKm-ZPIOa76w