CentOS7集成Mysql数据库安装和配置

yum update升级以后的系统版本为

[root@yl-web yl]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS Linux release 7.1.1503 (Core) 

[root@yl-web yl]# yum install mysql-server
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.sina.cn
 * extras: mirrors.sina.cn
 * updates: mirrors.sina.cn
No package mysql-server available.
Error: Nothing to do

查资料发现是CentOS 7 版本将MySQL数据库软件从默认的程序列表中移除，用mariadb代替了。

有两种解决办法：

1、方法一：安装mariadb

安装mariadb，大小59 M。

[root@yl-web yl]# yum install mariadb-server mariadb 
mariadb数据库的相关命令是：
systemctl start mariadb  #启动MariaDB
systemctl stop mariadb  #停止MariaDB
systemctl restart mariadb  #重启MariaDB
systemctl enable mariadb  #设置开机启动
所以先启动数据库
[root@yl-web yl]# systemctl start mariadb



然后就可以正常使用mysql了
[root@yl-web yl]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 3
Server version: 5.5.41-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> 
安装mariadb后显示的也是 MariaDB [(none)]> ，可能看起来有点不习惯。下面是第二种方法。


2、方法二：官网下载安装mysql-server


# wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
# rpm -ivh mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
# yum install mysql-community-server
安装成功后重启mysql服务。
# service mysqld restart


初次安装mysql，root账户没有密码。

[root@yl-web yl]# mysql -u root 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.6.26 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> 

设置密码

mysql> set password for 'root'@'localhost' =password('password');
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> 
不需要重启数据库即可生效。
在mysql安装过程中如下内容：

 
 

  
  
 
 
Installed:
  mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.6.26-2.el7                mysql-community-devel.x86_64 0:5.6.26-2.el7                
  mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.6.26-2.el7                  mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.6.26-2.el7               

Dependency Installed:
  mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.6.26-2.el7                                                                            

Replaced:
  mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0          mariadb-devel.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0   mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0  
  mariadb-server.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0  
所以安装完以后mariadb自动就被替换了，将不再生效。

[root@yl-web yl]# rpm -qa |grep mariadb
[root@yl-web yl]#
三、配置mysql
1、编码

mysql配置文件为/etc/my.cnf
最后加上编码配置
[mysql]
default-character-set =utf8
这里的字符编码必须和/usr/share/mysql/charsets/Index.xml中一致。



2、远程连接设置
把在所有数据库的所有表的所有权限赋值给位于所有IP地址的root用户。


mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%'identified by 'password';
如果是新用户而不是root，则要先新建用户


mysql>create user 'username'@'%' identified by 'password';  
此时就可以进行远程连接了。