四.RocketMQ极简入门-RocketMQ顺序消息发送

前言

在某些业务场景下是需要消息按照顺序进行消费，比如一个账户的加钱，减钱的动作必须按照时间先后去执行，否则就会发生金额不够导致操作失败。

顺序消息故名知意就是消息按照发送的顺序进行消费，队列本身是一种先进先出的数据结构，而RocketMQ理论上说也遵循这种机制。但是默认生产者以Round Robin轮询方式把消息发送到不同的Queue分区队列；消费者从多个队列中消费消息，这种情况没法保证顺序。所以在RocketMQ中如何保证消息顺序呢？

全局有序消息

在RocketMQ中消息分为全局有序和局部有序消息，全局有序是一个topic下的所有消息都要保证顺序，如果要保证消息全局顺序消费，就需要保证使用一个队列存放消息，一个消费者从这一个队列消费消息就能保证顺序，即：单线程执行，可以通过 producer.setDefaultTopicQueueNums(1);来指定队列数量。

下面我们使用一个订单来模拟顺序消息，订单状态有：创建 ，支付，发货。需要按照顺序发送和消费消息

订单实体

public class Order {
    private Long id;
    private String name;
    private String status;

    public Order() {
    }

    public Order(Long id, String name, String status) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.status = status;
    }

    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getStatus() {
        return status;
    }

    public void setStatus(String status) {
        this.status = status;
    }
}

发送者

生产者通过 producer.setDefaultTopicQueueNums(1); 把队列数量设置成1，然后正常发送消息

public class Producer {

    //演示消息同步发送
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, RemotingException, MQClientException, MQBrokerException {
        //生产者
        DefaultMQProducer producer = new DefaultMQProducer("order-producer");

        //设置name server地址
        producer.setNamesrvAddr("127.0.0.1:9876");
        //队列数量，1个
        producer.setDefaultTopicQueueNums(1);
        //启动
        producer.start();

        for (long i = 0 ; i {
                    System.out.println(message+" ; "+new String(message.getBody(), CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
                });

                return ConsumeOrderlyStatus.SUCCESS;
            }

        });

        defaultMQPushConsumer.start();
    }
}

消费结果如下

MessageExt [brokerName=LAPTOP-20VLGCRC, queueId=0, storeSize=219, queueOffset=48, sysFlag=0, bornTimestamp=1632010570822, bornHost=/172.16.40.199:1056, storeTimestamp=1632010570826, storeHost=/172.16.40.199:10911, msgId=AC1028C700002A9F0000000000638E1D, commitLogOffset=6524445, bodyCRC=543694636, reconsumeTimes=0, preparedTransactionOffset=0, toString()=Message{topic='order-topic', flag=0, properties={MIN_OFFSET=0, MAX_OFFSET=49, KEYS=key-0, CONSUME_START_TIME=1632010570828, UNIQ_KEY=7F000001244418B4AAC25E78BC450000, WAIT=true, TAGS=order}, body=[123, 34, 105, 100, 34, 58, 48, 44, 34, 110, 97, 109, 101, 34, 58, 34, -24, -82, -94, -27, -115, -107, 48, 34, 44, 34, 115, 116, 97, 116, 117, 115, 34, 58, 34, -27, -120, -101, -27, -69, -70, 34, 125], transactionId='null'}] ; {"id":0,"name":"订单0","status":"创建"}
MessageExt [brokerName=LAPTOP-20VLGCRC, queueId=0, storeSize=219, queueOffset=49, sysFlag=0, bornTimestamp=1632010570830, bornHost=/172.16.40.199:1056, storeTimestamp=1632010570830, storeHost=/172.16.40.199:10911, msgId=AC1028C700002A9F0000000000638EF8, commitLogOffset=6524664, bodyCRC=400232688, reconsumeTimes=0, preparedTransactionOffset=0, toString()=Message{topic='order-topic', flag=0, properties={MIN_OFFSET=0, MAX_OFFSET=50, KEYS=key-0, CONSUME_START_TIME=1632010570832, UNIQ_KEY=7F000001244418B4AAC25E78BC4E0001, WAIT=true, TAGS=order}, body=[123, 34, 105, 100, 34, 58, 48, 44, 34, 110, 97, 109, 101, 34, 58, 34, -24, -82, -94, -27, -115, -107, 48, 34, 44, 34, 115, 116, 97, 116, 117, 115, 34, 58, 34, -26, -108, -81, -28, -69, -104, 34, 125], transactionId='null'}] ; {"id":0,"name":"订单0","status":"支付"}
MessageExt [brokerName=LAPTOP-20VLGCRC, queueId=0, storeSize=219, queueOffset=50, sysFlag=0, bornTimestamp=1632010570831, bornHost=/172.16.40.199:1056, storeTimestamp=1632010570832, storeHost=/172.16.40.199:10911, msgId=AC1028C700002A9F0000000000638FD3, commitLogOffset=6524883, bodyCRC=1884939776, reconsumeTimes=0, preparedTransactionOffset=0, toString()=Message{topic='order-topic', flag=0, properties={MIN_OFFSET=0, MAX_OFFSET=51, KEYS=key-0, CONSUME_START_TIME=1632010570835, UNIQ_KEY=7F000001244418B4AAC25E78BC4F0002, WAIT=true, TAGS=order}, body=[123, 34, 105, 100, 34, 58, 48, 44, 34, 110, 97, 109, 101, 34, 58, 34, -24, -82, -94, -27, -115, -107, 48, 34, 44, 34, 115, 116, 97, 116, 117, 115, 34, 58, 34, -27, -113, -111, -24, -76, -89, 34, 125], transactionId='null'}] ; {"id":0,"name":"订单0","status":"发货"}
MessageExt [brokerName=LAPTOP-20VLGCRC, queueId=0, storeSize=219, queueOffset=51, sysFlag=0, bornTimestamp=1632010570833, bornHost=/172.16.40.199:1056, storeTimestamp=1632010570836, storeHost=/172.16.40.199:10911, msgId=AC1028C700002A9F00000000006390AE, commitLogOffset=6525102, bodyCRC=1061325741, reconsumeTimes=0, preparedTransactionOffset=0, toString()=Message{topic='order-topic', flag=0, properties={MIN_OFFSET=0, MAX_OFFSET=53, KEYS=key-1, CONSUME_START_TIME=1632010570839, UNIQ_KEY=7F000001244418B4AAC25E78BC510003, WAIT=true, TAGS=order}, body=[123, 34, 105, 100, 34, 58, 49, 44, 34, 110, 97, 109, 101, 34, 58, 34, -24, -82, -94, -27, -115, -107, 49, 34, 44, 34, 115, 116, 97, 116, 117, 115, 34, 58, 34, -27, -120, -101, -27, -69, -70, 34, 125], transactionId='null'}] ; {"id":1,"name":"订单1","status":"创建"}
MessageExt [brokerName=LAPTOP-20VLGCRC, queueId=0, storeSize=219, queueOffset=52, sysFlag=0, bornTimestamp=1632010570837, bornHost=/172.16.40.199:1056, storeTimestamp=1632010570837, storeHost=/172.16.40.199:10911, msgId=AC1028C700002A9F0000000000639189, commitLogOffset=6525321, bodyCRC=150045809, reconsumeTimes=0, preparedTransactionOffset=0, toString()=Message{topic='order-topic', flag=0, properties={MIN_OFFSET=0, MAX_OFFSET=53, KEYS=key-1, CONSUME_START_TIME=1632010570841, UNIQ_KEY=7F000001244418B4AAC25E78BC550004, WAIT=true, TAGS=order}, body=[123, 34, 105, 100, 34, 58, 49, 44, 34, 110, 97, 109, 101, 34, 58, 34, -24, -82, -94, -27, -115, -107, 49, 34, 44, 34, 115, 116, 97, 116, 117, 115, 34, 58, 34, -26, -108, -81, -28, -69, -104, 34, 125], transactionId='null'}] ; {"id":1,"name":"订单1","status":"支付"}
MessageExt [brokerName=LAPTOP-20VLGCRC, queueId=0, storeSize=219, queueOffset=53, sysFlag=0, bornTimestamp=1632010570838, bornHost=/172.16.40.199:1056, storeTimestamp=1632010570839, storeHost=/172.16.40.199:10911, msgId=AC1028C700002A9F0000000000639264, commitLogOffset=6525540, bodyCRC=1869836929, reconsumeTimes=0, preparedTransactionOffset=0, toString()=Message{topic='order-topic', flag=0, properties={MIN_OFFSET=0, MAX_OFFSET=55, KEYS=key-1, CONSUME_START_TIME=1632010570844, UNIQ_KEY=7F000001244418B4AAC25E78BC560005, WAIT=true, TAGS=order}, body=[123, 34, 105, 100, 34, 58, 49, 44, 34, 110, 97, 109, 101, 34, 58, 34, -24, -82, -94, -27, -115, -107, 49, 34, 44, 34, 115, 116, 97, 116, 117, 115, 34, 58, 34, -27, -113, -111, -24, -76, -89, 34, 125], transactionId='null'}] ; {"id":1,"name":"订单1","status":"发货"}
MessageExt [brokerName=LAPTOP-20VLGCRC, queueId=0, storeSize=219, queueOffset=54, sysFlag=0, bornTimestamp=1632010570840, bornHost=/172.16.40.199:1056, storeTimestamp=1632010570840, storeHost=/172.16.40.199:10911, msgId=AC1028C700002A9F000000000063933F, commitLogOffset=6525759, bodyCRC=507328046, reconsumeTimes=0, preparedTransactionOffset=0, toString()=Message{topic='order-topic', flag=0, properties={MIN_OFFSET=0, MAX_OFFSET=56, KEYS=key-2, CONSUME_START_TIME=1632010570845, UNIQ_KEY=7F000001244418B4AAC25E78BC580006, WAIT=true, TAGS=order}, body=[123, 34, 105, 100, 34, 58, 50, 44, 34, 110, 97, 109, 101, 34, 58, 34, -24, -82, -94, -27, -115, -107, 50, 34, 44, 34, 115, 116, 97, 116, 117, 115, 34, 58, 34, -27, -120, -101, -27, -69, -70, 34, 125], transactionId='null'}] ; {"id":2,"name":"订单2","status":"创建"}
MessageExt [brokerName=LAPTOP-20VLGCRC, queueId=0, storeSize=219, queueOffset=55, sysFlag=0, bornTimestamp=1632010570841, bornHost=/172.16.40.199:1056, storeTimestamp=1632010570842, storeHost=/172.16.40.199:10911, msgId=AC1028C700002A9F000000000063941A, commitLogOffset=6525978, bodyCRC=697186802, reconsumeTimes=0, preparedTransactionOffset=0, toString()=Message{topic='order-topic', flag=0, properties={MIN_OFFSET=0, MAX_OFFSET=57, KEYS=key-2, CONSUME_START_TIME=1632010570847, UNIQ_KEY=7F000001244418B4AAC25E78BC590007, WAIT=true, TAGS=order}, body=[123, 34, 105, 100, 34, 58, 50, 44, 34, 110, 97, 109, 101, 34, 58, 34, -24, -82, -94, -27, -115, -107, 50, 34, 44, 34, 115, 116, 97, 116, 117, 115, 34, 58, 34, -26, -108, -81, -28, -69, -104, 34, 125], transactionId='null'}] ; {"id":2,"name":"订单2","status":"支付"}
MessageExt [brokerName=LAPTOP-20VLGCRC, queueId=0, storeSize=219, queueOffset=56, sysFlag=0, bornTimestamp=1632010570843, bornHost=/172.16.40.199:1056, storeTimestamp=1632010570844, storeHost=/172.16.40.199:10911, msgId=AC1028C700002A9F00000000006394F5, commitLogOffset=6526197, bodyCRC=1309462274, reconsumeTimes=0, preparedTransactionOffset=0, toString()=Message{topic='order-topic', flag=0, properties={MIN_OFFSET=0, MAX_OFFSET=58, KEYS=key-2, CONSUME_START_TIME=1632010570850, UNIQ_KEY=7F000001244418B4AAC25E78BC5B0008, WAIT=true, TAGS=order}, body=[123, 34, 105, 100, 34, 58, 50, 44, 34, 110, 97, 109, 101, 34, 58, 34, -24, -82, -94, -27, -115, -107, 50, 34, 44, 34, 115, 116, 97, 116, 117, 115, 34, 58, 34, -27, -113, -111, -24, -76, -89, 34, 125], transactionId='null'}] ; {"id":2,"name":"订单2","status":"发货"}
MessageExt [brokerName=LAPTOP-20VLGCRC, queueId=0, storeSize=219, queueOffset=57, sysFlag=0, bornTimestamp=1632010570845, bornHost=/172.16.40.199:1056, storeTimestamp=1632010570846, storeHost=/172.16.40.199:10911, msgId=AC1028C700002A9F00000000006395D0, commitLogOffset=6526416, bodyCRC=18326191, reconsumeTimes=0, preparedTransactionOffset=0, toString()=Message{topic='order-topic', flag=0, properties={MIN_OFFSET=0, MAX_OFFSET=59, KEYS=key-3, CONSUME_START_TIME=1632010570851, UNIQ_KEY=7F000001244418B4AAC25E78BC5D0009, WAIT=true, TAGS=order}, body=[123, 34, 105, 100, 34, 58, 51, 44, 34, 110, 97, 109, 101, 34, 58, 34, -24, -82, -94, -27, -115, -107, 51, 34, 44, 34, 115, 116, 97, 116, 117, 115, 34, 58, 34, -27, -120, -101, -27, -69, -70, 34, 125], transactionId='null'}] ; {"id":3,"name":"订单3","status":"创建"}
MessageExt [brokerName=LAPTOP-20VLGCRC, queueId=0, storeSize=219, queueOffset=58, sysFlag=0, bornTimestamp=1632010570847, bornHost=/172.16.40.199:1056, storeTimestamp=1632010570848, storeHost=/172.16.40.199:10911, msgId=AC1028C700002A9F00000000006396AB, commitLogOffset=6526635, bodyCRC=916761971, reconsumeTimes=0, preparedTransactionOffset=0, toString()=Message{topic='order-topic', flag=0, properties={MIN_OFFSET=0, MAX_OFFSET=60, KEYS=key-3, CONSUME_START_TIME=1632010570853, UNIQ_KEY=7F000001244418B4AAC25E78BC5F000A, WAIT=true, TAGS=order}, body=[123, 34, 105, 100, 34, 58, 51, 44, 34, 110, 97, 109, 101, 34, 58, 34, -24, -82, -94, -27, -115, -107, 51, 34, 44, 34, 115, 116, 97, 116, 117, 115, 34, 58, 34, -26, -108, -81, -28, -69, -104, 34, 125], transactionId='null'}] ; {"id":3,"name":"订单3","status":"支付"}
MessageExt [brokerName=LAPTOP-20VLGCRC, queueId=0, storeSize=219, queueOffset=59, sysFlag=0, bornTimestamp=1632010570850, bornHost=/172.16.40.199:1056, storeTimestamp=1632010570850, storeHost=/172.16.40.199:10911, msgId=AC1028C700002A9F0000000000639786, commitLogOffset=6526854, bodyCRC=1361468291, reconsumeTimes=0, preparedTransactionOffset=0, toString()=Message{topic='order-topic', flag=0, properties={MIN_OFFSET=0, MAX_OFFSET=60, KEYS=key-3, CONSUME_START_TIME=1632010570855, UNIQ_KEY=7F000001244418B4AAC25E78BC62000B, WAIT=true, TAGS=order}, body=[123, 34, 105, 100, 34, 58, 51, 44, 34, 110, 97, 109, 101, 34, 58, 34, -24, -82, -94, -27, -115, -107, 51, 34, 44, 34, 115, 116, 97, 116, 117, 115, 34, 58, 34, -27, -113, -111, -24, -76, -89, 34, 125], transactionId='null'}] ; {"id":3,"name":"订单3","status":"发货"}

局部有序消息

还有一种就是分区有序或者部分有序，部分顺序消息只要保证某一组消息被顺序消费，即：只需要保证一个队列中的消息有序消费即可。

比如：保证同一个订单ID的生成、付款、发货消息按照顺序消费即可实现原理：

• 把同一个订单ID的消息放入同一个MessageQueue
• 保证这个MessageQueue只有一个消费者不被并发处理 ，这个需要使用到 MessageQueueSelector 来保证同一个订单的消息在同一个队列

发送者

使用 MessageQueueSelector 消息队列选择器来把消息路由到不同的队列，下面案例就是把同一个订单的消息：创建，支付，发货 路由到同一个队列，达到局部消费的目的。

//演示消息同步发送
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, RemotingException, MQClientException, MQBrokerException {
    //生产者
    DefaultMQProducer producer = new DefaultMQProducer("order-producer2");

    //设置name server地址
    producer.setNamesrvAddr("127.0.0.1:9876");
   
    //发送消息超时时间
    producer.setSendMsgTimeout(1000);
    //启动
    producer.start();

    for (long i = 0 ; i {
                    System.out.println(message+" ; "+new String(message.getBody(), CharsetUtil.UTF_8));
                });

                return ConsumeOrderlyStatus.SUCCESS;
            }

        });

        defaultMQPushConsumer.start();
    }
}

文章到这就结束了，点赞还是要求一下的，万一屏幕面前的大帅哥，或者大漂亮一不小心就一键三连了啦，那我就是熬夜到头发掉光，也出下章。