elasticSearch核心概念的介绍（四）：搜索的简单使用

搜索的简单使用

在上一章介绍了文档的基本使用，有兴趣的可以参考一下 elasticSearch核心概念的介绍（三）：文档的增删改查 在这一章我们会进行搜索的简单使用。

一、我们先将上述内容中的索引都删除

• 查看所有索引

curl -X GET "http://172.25.45.150:9200/_cat/indices?v"

• 挨个进行删除

curl -X DELETE "http://172.25.45.150:9200/nba"

二、新建一个索引，并且指定mapping

curl -X PUT "http://172.25.45.150:9200/nba" -H 'Content-Type:application/json' -d '
	{
		"mappings":{
            "properties":{
                "name":{
                    "type":"text"
                },
                "team_name":{
                    "type":"text"
                },
                "position":{
                    "type":"keyword"
                },
                "play_year":{
                    "type":"keyword"
                },
                "jerse_no":{
                    "type":"keyword"
                }
            }
		}
	}
'

三、新增document (数据)

• doc1

curl -X PUT "http://172.25.45.150:9200/nba/_doc/1" -H 'Content-Type:application/json' -d '
{
    "name":"哈登",
    "team_name":"火箭",
    "position":"得分后卫",
    "play_year":"10",
    "jerse_no":"13"
}
'

• doc2

curl -X PUT "http://172.25.45.150:9200/nba/_doc/2" -H 'Content-Type:application/json' -d '
{
    "name":"库里",
    "team_name":"勇士",
    "position":"控球后卫",
    "play_year":"10",
    "jerse_no":"30"
}
'

• doc3

curl -X PUT "http://172.25.45.150:9200/nba/_doc/2" -H 'Content-Type:application/json' -d '
{
    "name":"詹姆斯",
    "team_name":"湖人",
    "position":"小前锋",
    "play_year":"15",
    "jerse_no":"23"
}
'

四、查询

• term（词条）查询和full text（全文）查询

  • 词条查询：词条查询不会分析查询条件，只有当词条和查询字符串完全匹配时，才匹配搜索。
  • 全文查询：ElasticSearch引擎会优先分析查询字符串，将其拆分称多个分词，只要已分析的字段中包含词条的任意一个，或全部包含，就匹配查询条件，返回该文档；如果不包含任意一个分词，表示没有任何文档匹配查询条件

• 单条term查询

  • 请求

  curl -X POST "http://172.25.45.150:9200/nba/_search" -H 'Content-Type:application/json' -d '
  	{
  		"query":{
  			"term":{
  				"jerse_no":"23"
  			}
  		}
  	}
  '
  

• 多条term查询

  • 请求

    curl -X POST "http://172.25.45.150:9200/nba/_search" -H 'Content-Type:application/json' -d '
    	{
    		"query":{
    			"terms":{
    				"jerse_no":[
                        "23","13"
                    ]
    			}
    		}
    	}
    '
    

  • 响应

{
    "took": 1, //消耗的时间
    "timed_out": false, //是否超时
    "_shards": { //分片信息
        "total": 1, //这里是单台机器，这里是1
        "successful": 1, //成功1
        "skipped": 0, 
        "failed": 0
    },
    "hits": { //搜索结果命中
        "total": {
            "value": 2, //查询出来总数
            "relation": "eq" //=
        },
        "max_score": 1.0, //最大分数，排序使用，下面数据通过倒序去排列
        "hits": [
            {
                "_index": "nba",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "1",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "哈登",
                    "team_name": "火箭",
                    "position": "得分后卫",
                    "play_year": "10",
                    "jerse_no": "13"
                }
            },
            {
                "_index": "nba",
                "_type": "_doc",
                "_id": "3",
                "_score": 1.0,
                "_source": {
                    "name": "詹姆斯",
                    "team_name": "湖人",
                    "position": "小前锋",
                    "play_year": "15",
                    "jerse_no": "23"
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}

• full text（match）全文查询

  • match_all查询

  match_all 会查询所有的数据

  curl -X POST "http://172.25.45.150:9200/nba/_search" -H 'Content-Type:application/json' -d '
  {
      "query":{
          "match_all":{}
      },
      "from":0,
      "size":100
  }
  '
  

  • match查询

    需要注意的是使用match进行查询的话，type类型要是text可分词的全文搜索类型。

    curl -X POST "http://172.25.45.150:9200/nba/_search" -H 'Content-Type:application/json' -d '
    {
        "query":{
            "match":{
               "name":"库小里宝宝" 
            }
        },
        "from":0,
        "size":100
    }
    '
    

• multi_match 多个查询

  • 先修改一条数据(将id=2的新增title字段)

    curl -X POST "http://172.25.45.150:9200/nba/_update/2" -H 'Content-Type:application/json' -d '
    {
        {
        "doc":{
        "name":"库里",
        "team_name":"勇士",
        "position":"控球后卫",
        "play_year":"10",
        "jerse_no":"30",
        "title":"the best shooter"
    	}
    }
    '
    

  • 使用multi_match 多字段查询

    curl -X POST "http://172.25.45.150:9200/nba/_search" -H 'Content-Type:application/json' -d '
    {
        "query":{
            "multi_match":{
                "query":"shooter",
                "fields":["title","name"]
            }
        },
        "from":0,
        "size":100
    }
    '
    

  • 响应

    {
        "took": 2,
        "timed_out": false,
        "_shards": {
            "total": 1,
            "successful": 1,
            "skipped": 0,
            "failed": 0
        },
        "hits": {
            "total": {
                "value": 1,
                "relation": "eq"
            },
            "max_score": 0.2876821,
            "hits": [
                {
                    "_index": "nba",
                    "_type": "_doc",
                    "_id": "2",
                    "_score": 0.2876821,
                    "_source": {
                        "name": "库里",
                        "team_name": "勇士",
                        "position": "控球后卫",
                        "play_year": "10",
                        "jerse_no": "30",
                        "title": "the best shooter"
                    }
                }
            ]
        }
    }
    

• match_phrase 查询

  类似于词条查询，精确查询

  curl -X POST "http://172.25.45.150:9200/nba/_search" -H 'Content-Type:application/json' -d '
  {
      "query":{
          "match_phrase":{
              "position":"得分后卫"
          }
      },
      "from":0,
      "size":100
  }
  '
  

• match_phrase _prefix

  ​ 前缀查询类似于 mysql中 like查询

  curl -X POST "http://172.25.45.150:9200/nba/_search" -H 'Content-Type:application/json' -d '
  {
      "query":{
          "match_phrase_prefix":{
              "title":"the"
          }
      }
  }
  '