odoo10参考系列--数据文件

Odoo就是一个非常大的数据驱动， 因此，模块定义的一大部分就是对其管理的各种记录的定义： 用户界面（菜单、视图），安全（访问权限和访问规则），报表和普通数据都通过记录定义。

结构

在Odoo定义数据的主要途径是通过XML数据文件，XML数据文件的广义结构如下：

• 根元素odoo内的任意数量的操作元素 

  
  ...

数据文件是按顺序执行的，操作只能引用以前定义的操作结果

核心操作 record

record 正确定义或更新数据库记录，它具有以下属性：

model (必须的)

创建（或更新）模型的名称

id

这个记录的外部标识符。强烈建议提供一个

• 对于记录创建，允许后续定义修改或引用此记录
• 对于记录修改，要修改的记录

context

创建记录时要使用的上下文

forcecreate

在更新模式中，如果记录不存在，是否应该创建它

需要一个外部ID，默认为 True

field

每个记录都可以由field标记组成，定义在创建记录时要设置的值。一个没有field的 record 将使用所有默认值 (创建)或什么都不做(更新)

field 有一个强制的 name 属性， 要设置的字段的名称和定义值本身的各种方法：

Nothing

如果没有为字段提供值，则将在字段上设置隐式False 。 可用于清除字段，或避免使用字段的默认值

search

对于关系字段，应该是字段模型上的域。

将评估域，使用它搜索字段的模型，并将搜索结果设置为字段的值。如果字段是Many2one，则只使用第一个结果。

ref

如果提供了一个ref 属性，它的值必须是一个有效的外部ID，它将被查找并设置为字段的值。

大多是 Many2one 和Reference 字段

type

如果提供了type 属性，则它用于解释和转换字段的内容。字段的内容可以通过使用file 属性的外部文件或通过节点的主体来提供。

可用的类型：

xml, html

提取field的孩子作为一个单一的文件，评估任何外部ID的格式为%(external_id)s指定的。 %% 可用于输出实际的%符号

file

确保该字段内容是当前模型中的一个有效的文件路径，保存 module,path 对作为字段值

char

直接将字段内容设置为字段值而无需更改

base64

base64编码字段的内容，有用的联合file属性，如图像数据加载到附件

int

将字段的内容转换为整数，并将其设置为字段的值

float

将字段的内容转换为浮点，并将其设置为字段的

list, tuple

应该包含与field具有相同属性的任意数量的value元素，每个元素解析为生成的元组或列表的项，并将生成的集合设置为字段的值

eval

在以前的方法都不适合的情况下，eval属性简单评价任何Python表达式并设置其结果作为字段的值。

评价的内容包含各个模块 (time, datetime, timedelta, relativedelta), 一个函数解决外部标识符(ref)和当前字段的模型对象，如果适用 (obj)

delete

delete 标记可以删除以前定义的任意数量的记录。它具有以下属性：

model (必须的)

应该删除指定记录的模型

id

要删除的记录的外部ID

search

找到要删除的模型的记录的域

id 和search 是专用的

function

function 标记使用提供的参数调用模型上的方法。它有两个强制参数model和name分别指定调用方法的模型和方法。

参数可以使用 eval (应该对一系列参数进行评估以调用该方法) 或者value元素 (详见list 值)提供

workflow

workflow标记向现有工作流发送一个信号。工作流可以通过ref属性（现有工作流的外部ID）或返回工作流ID的value标记来指定。

标记还具有两个强制属性 model (与工作流相关联的模型) 和action (发送到工作流的信号的名称)

快捷键

因为Odoo一些重要的结构模型是复杂的，涉及的数据文件提供更短的替代品使用记录标签定义：

menuitem

定义一个关于大量默认和退回的 ir.ui.menu 记录：

Parent menu

• 如果设置了parent 属性，则它应该是另一个菜单项的外部ID，用作新项目的父元素
•  如果没有提供parent ，则尝试将name 属性解释为一个以/分割的菜单名称序列，并在菜单层次结构中找到一个位置。在这种解释中，中间菜单是自动创建的
• 否则菜单被定义为一个“顶级”菜单项（不是一个没有父菜单的菜单）

Menu name

如果没有指定name 属性，则尝试从链接动作获得菜单名，如果有的话。否则使用记录的 id

Groups

groups属性被解释为一个以逗号分隔的res.groups模型的外部标识符序列。如果一个外部标识符的前缀是一个减号（-），该组将从菜单组中删除

action

如果指定的话，action 属性应该是菜单打开时要执行的操作的外部ID

id

菜单项的外部ID

template

创建一个仅仅要求带有arch视图段的QWeb视图并运行带有一些可选的属性：

id

视图的外部标识

name, inherit_id, priority

和ir.ui.view上的相应字段相同 (nb: inherit_id 应该是一个外部标识符)

primary

如果设置为True并联合一个inherit_id，定义视图作为一个主视图

groups

逗号分隔的组外部标识符列表

page

如果设置为"True", 模版是一个网页页面 (可链接的, 可删除的)

optional

enabled 或disabled，是否可以禁用视图（在网站界面中）及其默认状态。 如果未设置，视图是始终启

report

创建一个带有一些默认值的ir.actions.report.xml 记录。

大多数仅仅是ir.actions.report.xml上的相应字段的代理属性，但也会自动在报表model的更多菜单中创建该项

CSV数据文件

XML数据文件是灵活的、自我描述的，但在批量创建同一模型的一些简单记录时非常冗长。

对于这种情况，数据文件也可以使用CSV，这通常是使用访问权限的情况:

• 文件名model_name.csv
• 第一行列出要写入的字段，具有外部标识符的特殊字段ID（用于创建或更新）
• 此后每行创建一个新记录

下面是定义美国状态的数据文件的第一行 res.country.state.csv

"id","country_id:id","name","code"
state_au_1,au,"Australian Capital Territory","ACT"
state_au_2,au,"New South Wales","NSW"
state_au_3,au,"Northern Territory","NT"
state_au_4,au,"Queensland","QLD"
state_au_5,au,"South Australia","SA"
state_au_6,au,"Tasmania","TAS"
state_au_7,au,"Victoria","VIC"
state_au_8,au,"Western Australia","WA"
state_us_1,us,"Alabama","AL"
state_us_2,us,"Alaska","AK"
state_us_3,us,"Arizona","AZ"
state_us_4,us,"Arkansas","AR"
state_us_5,us,"California","CA"
state_us_6,us,"Colorado","CO"

以更可读的格式呈：

idcountry_id:idnamecodestate_au_1auAustralian Capital TerritoryACTstate_au_2auNew South WalesNSWstate_au_3auNorthern TerritoryNTstate_au_4auQueenslandQLDstate_au_5auSouth AustraliaSAstate_au_6auTasmaniaTASstate_au_7auVictoriaVICstate_au_8auWestern AustraliaWAstate_us_1usAlabamaALstate_us_2usAlaskaAKstate_us_3usArizonaAZstate_us_4usArkansasARstate_us_5usCaliforniaCAstate_us_6usColoradoCOstate_us_7usConnecticutCTstate_us_8usDelawareDEstate_us_9usDistrict of ColumbiaDCstate_us_10usFloridaFLstate_us_11usGeorgiaGAstate_us_12usHawaiiHIstate_us_13usIdahoIDstate_us_14usIllinoisILstate_us_15usIndianaINstate_us_16usIowaIAstate_us_17usKansasKSstate_us_18usKentuckyKYstate_us_19usLouisianaLAstate_us_20usMaineMEstate_us_21usMontanaMTstate_us_22usNebraskaNEstate_us_23usNevadaNVstate_us_24usNew HampshireNHstate_us_25usNew JerseyNJstate_us_26usNew MexicoNMstate_us_27usNew YorkNYstate_us_28usNorth CarolinaNCstate_us_29usNorth DakotaNDstate_us_30usOhioOHstate_us_31usOklahomaOKstate_us_32usOregonORstate_us_33usMarylandMDstate_us_34usMassachusettsMAstate_us_35usMichiganMIstate_us_36usMinnesotaMNstate_us_37usMississippiMSstate_us_38usMissouriMOstate_us_39usPennsylvaniaPAstate_us_40usRhode IslandRIstate_us_41usSouth CarolinaSCstate_us_42usSouth DakotaSDstate_us_43usTennesseeTNstate_us_44usTexasTXstate_us_45usUtahUTstate_us_46usVermontVTstate_us_47usVirginiaVAstate_us_48usWashingtonWAstate_us_49usWest VirginiaWVstate_us_50usWisconsinWIstate_us_51usWyomingWYstate_us_asusAmerican SamoaASstate_us_fmusFederated States of MicronesiaFMstate_us_guusGuamGUstate_us_mhusMarshall IslandsMHstate_us_mpusNorthern Mariana IslandsMPstate_us_pwusPalauPWstate_us_prusPuerto RicoPRstate_us_viusVirgin IslandsVIstate_us_aausArmed Forces AmericasAAstate_us_aeusArmed Forces EuropeAEstate_us_apusArmed Forces 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每行（记录）：

• 第一列是要创建或更新的记录的外部ID
• 第二列是要链接到的国家对象的外部ID（必须预先定义国家对象）
• 第三列是 res.country.state的字段 name
• 第四列是res.country.state的字段code

 

ps：有翻译不当之处，欢迎留言指正。

原文地址：https://www.odoo.com/documentation/10.0/reference/data.html