LaTeX符号语法总结

运算符 ∞ \infty ∞ \infty ≠ \neq = \neq × \times × \times ÷ \div ÷ \div ∼ \sim ∼ \sim ± \pm ± \pm ∓ \mp ∓ \mp ≤ \leq ≤ \leq ≥ \geq ≥ \geq ≈ \approx ≈ \approx % \% % % ∗ \ast ∗ \ast ⋅ \cdot ⋅ \cdot ≡ \equiv ≡ \equiv ≅ \cong ≅ \cong ∈ \in ∈ \in ∋ \ni ∋ \ni ∃ \exists ∃ \exists ∄ \nexists ∄ \nexists ∝ \propto ∝ \propto ∪ \cup ∪ \cup ∩ \cap ∩ \cap ⊥ \perp ⊥ \perp ∥ \parallel ∥ \parallel ∘ \circ ∘ \circ ⊆ \subseteq ⊆ \subseteq ⫋ ⫋ ⫋ ⫋ ∀ ∀ ∀ ∀ ≆ \ncong ≆ \ncong ≁ \nsim ≁ \nsim = = = = + + + + ≪ \ll ≪ \ll ≫ \gg ≫ \gg ⊂ \subset ⊂ \subset ≐ \doteq ≐ \doteq < < > > ≺ \prec ≺ \prec ≻ \succ ≻ \succ ⪯ \preceq ⪯ \preceq ⪰ \succeq ⪰ \succeq ⊃ \supset ⊃ \supset ≃ \simeq ≃ \simeq ⊇ \supseteq ⊇ \supseteq ⊈ \nsubseteq ⊈ \nsubseteq ⊏ \sqsubset ⊏ \sqsubset ⊐ \sqsupset ⊐ \sqsupset ⋈ \Join ⋈ \Join ∉ \notin ∈/ \notin ∫ \int ∫ \int ∬ \iint ∬ \iint ∭ \iiint ∭ \iiint ∰ \oiiint ∭ ​ \oiiint ∑ \sum ∑ \sum ∏ \prod ∏ \prod ∐ \coprod ∐ \coprod ⋀ \bigwedge ⋀ \bigwedge ⋁ \bigvee ⋁ \bigvee ⋂ \bigcap ⋂ \bigcap ⋃ \bigcup ⋃ \bigcup ⨀ \bigodot ⨀ \bigodot ⨁ \bigoplus ⨁ \bigoplus ⨂ \bigotimes ⨂ \bigotimes ⨄ \biguplus ⨄ \biguplus \ \backslash \ \backslash / / / / ⋇ \divideontimes ⋇ \divideontimes ⋆ \star ⋆ \star ≀ \wr ≀ \wr △ \vartriangle △ \vartriangle ‡ \ddag ‡ \ddag ⋄ \diamond ⋄ \diamond † \dag † \dag ∧ \wedge ∧ \wedge ∨ \vee ∨ \vee ⊙ \odot ⊙ \odot ⊗ \otimes ⊗ \otimes ⊕ \oplus ⊕ \oplus ⊖ \ominus ⊖ \ominus ⋓ \Cup ⋓ \Cup ⋒ \Cap ⋒ \Cap ∔ \dotplus ∔ \dotplus ⊺ \intercal ⊺ \intercal ∵ \because ∵ \because ∴ \therefore ∴ \therefore ∽ \backsim ∽ \backsim ⊎ \uplus ⊎ \uplus ∝ \propto ∝ \propto ∯ \oiint ∬ ​ \oiint ∮ \oint ∮ \oint ⨆ \bigsqcup ⨆ \bigsqcup ⊢ \vdash ⊢ \vdash ⊣ \dashv ⊣ \dashv ⋈ \bowtie ⋈ \bowtie ⊑ \sqsubseteq ⊑ \sqsubseteq ⊒ \sqsupseteq ⊒ \sqsupseteq ⊨ \models ⊨ \models ∣ \mid ∣ \mid ∥ \parallel ∥ \parallel ⌣ \smile ⌣ \smile ⌢ \frown ⌢ \frown ≍ \asymp ≍ \asymp : : : : ± \pm ± \pm ‵ \backprime ‵ \backprime ′ \prime ′ \prime ⌈ ⌉ ⌈⌉ ⌈⌉ ⌈⌉ ⌊ ⌋ ⌊⌋ ⌊⌋ ⌊⌋ 希腊字母 α \alpha α \alpha β \beta β \beta γ \gamma γ \gamma δ \delta δ \delta ϕ \phi ϕ \phi ϵ \epsilon ϵ \epsilon ζ \zeta ζ \zeta η \eta η \eta θ \theta θ \theta ι \iota ι \iota κ \kappa κ \kappa λ \lambda λ \lambda μ \mu μ \mu ν \nu ν \nu ξ \xi ξ \xi ρ \rho ρ \rho σ \sigma σ \sigma τ \tau τ \tau υ \upsilon υ \upsilon φ \varphi φ \varphi χ \chi χ \chi ω \omega ω \omega π \pi π \pi ψ \psi ψ \psi ε \varepsilon ε \varepsilon ϑ \vartheta ϑ \vartheta o o o o ϖ \varpi ϖ \varpi ϱ \varrho ϱ \varrho ς \varsigma ς \varsigma φ \varphi φ \varphi Ξ \Xi Ξ \Xi Γ \Gamma Γ \Gamma Δ \Delta Δ \Delta Λ \Lambda Λ \Lambda Ω \Omega Ω \Omega Φ \Phi Φ \Phi Ψ \Psi Ψ \Psi Π \Pi Π \Pi Σ \Sigma Σ \Sigma Θ \Theta Θ \Theta Υ \Upsilon Υ \Upsilon 字母类符号 ℵ \aleph ℵ \aleph ℶ \beth ℶ \beth ℸ \daleth ℸ \daleth ℷ \gimel ℷ \gimel ∂ \partial ∂ \partial Ⅎ \Finv Ⅎ \Finv ℜ \Re ℜ \Re ℓ \ell ℓ \ell ð \eth ð \eth ℑ \Im ℑ \Im ℏ \hslash ℏ \hslash ∁ \complement ∁ \complement ℘ \wp ℘ \wp ∀ \forall ∀ \forall 括号 ( ( ( ( ) ) ) ) [ [ [ [ ] ] ] ] { \{ { \{ } \} } \} ∣ \vert ∣ \vert ∥ \Vert ∥ \Vert / / / / 箭头 ← \leftarrow ← \leftarrow → \to → \to → \rightarrow → \rightarrow ↑ \uparrow ↑ \uparrow ↓ \downarrow ↓ \downarrow ⟵ \longleftarrow ⟵ \longleftarrow ⟶ \longrightarrow ⟶ \longrightarrow ⇐ \Leftarrow ⇐ \Leftarrow ⇒ \Rightarrow ⇒ \Rightarrow ↦ \mapsto ↦ \mapsto ↔ \leftrightarrow ↔ \leftrightarrow ↚ \nleftarrow ↚ \nleftarrow ↛ \nrightarrow ↛ \nrightarrow ⇀ \rightharpoonup ⇀ \rightharpoonup ↼ \leftharpoonup ↼ \leftharpoonup ↮ \nleftrightarrow ↮ \nleftrightarrow ⇔ \Leftrightarrow ⇔ \Leftrightarrow ⇎ \nLeftrightarrow ⇎ \nLeftrightarrow ⇍ \nLeftarrow ⇍ \nLeftarrow ⇏ \nRightarrow ⇏ \nRightarrow 几何学 ∠ \angle ∠ \angle ∢ \sphericalangle ∢ \sphericalangle ∤ \nmid ∤ \nmid ∦ \nparallel ∦ \nparallel ■ \blacksquare ■ \blacksquare ⋆ \star ⋆ \star ∙ \bullet ∙ \bullet ★ \bigstar ★ \bigstar □ \square □ \square ∘ \circ ∘ \circ 函数 Pr ⁡ \Pr Pr \Pr sin ⁡ \sin sin \sin cos ⁡ \cos cos \cos exp ⁡ \exp exp \exp det ⁡ \det det \det lim ⁡ \lim lim \lim ln ⁡ \ln ln \ln log ⁡ \log log \log max ⁡ \max max \max min ⁡ \min min \min tan ⁡ \tan tan \tan arg ⁡ \arg arg \arg lg ⁡ \lg lg \lg arcsin ⁡ \arcsin arcsin \arcsin cot ⁡ \cot cot \cot sh ⁡ \sh sh \sh 强调符号 a ˙ \dot{a} a˙ \dot{a} a ¨ \ddot{a} a¨ \ddot{a} a ^ \hat{a} a^ \hat{a} a ~ \tilde{a} a~ \tilde{a} a ˉ \bar{a} aˉ \bar{a} a ⃗ \vec{a} a \vec{a} x y z ‾ \overline{xyz} xyz​ \overline{xyz} x y z ^ \widehat{xyz} xyz ​ \widehat{xyz} x y z ~ \widetilde{xyz} xyz ​ \widetilde{xyz} a ˇ \check{a} aˇ \check{a} a ˊ \acute{a} aˊ \acute{a} a ˋ \grave{a} aˋ \grave{a} a ˘ \breve{a} a˘ \breve{a} 空白符号 a b a\qquad{b} ab a\qquad{b} a b a\quad{b} ab a\quad{b} a   b a \ b a b a \ b a    b a \; b ab a\ ; b a   b a \, b ab a \, b a b a b ab a b a  ⁣ b a \! b ab a \! b 省略符号 ⋯ \cdots ⋯ \cdots … \ldots … \ldots ⋮ \vdots ⋮ \vdots ⋱ \ddots ⋱ \ddots 数值编号 ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤⅥⅦⅧⅨⅩⅪⅫ①②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨⑩⑴⑵⑶⑷⑸⑹⑺⑻⑼⑽㈠㈡㈢㈣㈤㈥㈦㈧㈨㈩ 分式

基本格式： \frac{分子}{分母} → 分子 分母 \frac{分子}{分母} 分母分子​

样例： d y d x \frac{dy}{dx} dxdy​ ← \frac{dy}{dx}

∂ y ∂ x \frac{\partial{y}}{\partial{x}} ∂x∂y​ ← \frac{\partial{y}}{\partial{x}}

上下标

基本格式： anytext_{downtext}^{uptext} → a n y t e x t d o w n t e x t u p t e x t anytext_{downtext}^{uptext} anytextdowntextuptext​

也可以颠倒过来：anytext^{uptext}\_{downtext}

还可以只加一种：anytext_{downtext} 或 anytext^{uptext}

样例： x 2 x^{2} x2 ← x^{2} H 2 O H_{2}O H2​O ← H_{2}O

根式

基本格式： \sqrt[开根幂次数]{被开根数} → 被开根数 开根幂次数 \sqrt[开根幂次数]{被开根数} 开根幂次数被开根数 ​

样例： 2 \sqrt{2} 2 ​ ← \sqrt{2} 2 3 \sqrt[3]{2} 32 ​ ← \sqrt[3]{2} 3 n \sqrt[n]{3} n3 ​ ← \sqrt[n]{3}

积分

基本格式： \int_{积分下限}^{积分上限} → ∫ 积分下限 积分上限 \int_{积分下限}^{积分上限} ∫积分下限积分上限​

也可以颠倒过来：\int^{积分上限}_{积分下限}

样例： \int^{3}_{8}x^3dx → ∫ 8 3 x 3 d x \int^{3}_{8}x^3dx ∫83​x3dx

求积

基本格式： \prod_{downtext}^{uptext}{text} → ∏ d o w n t e x t u p t e x t t e x t \prod_{downtext}^{uptext}{text} ∏downtextuptext​text

样例： \prod_{k=1}^{n}f(k) → ∏ k = 1 n f ( k ) \prod_{k=1}^{n}f(k) ∏k=1n​f(k)

要想把上下标放到求和/求积符号上方和下方，则格式为： \prod\limits_{k=1}^{n}f(k) → ∏ k = 1 n f ( k ) \prod\limits_{k=1}^{n}f(k) k=1∏n​f(k)

求和

\sum\limits_{downtext}^{uptext}{text} → ∑ d o w n t e x t u p t e x t t e x t \sum\limits_{downtext}^{uptext}{text} downtext∑uptext​text

\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n}{f(i)} → ∑ i = 1 n f ( i ) \sum\limits_{i=1}^{n}{f(i)} i=1∑n​f(i)

极限

\lim\limits_{x\to{0}}{\frac{\sin{x}}{x}}=1 → lim ⁡ x → 0 sin ⁡ x x = 1 \lim\limits_{x\to{0}}{\frac{\sin{x}}{x}}=1 x→0lim​xsinx​=1

数列

A=\{a_{1},a_{2},\ldots,a_{n}\} → A = { a 1 , a 2 , … , a n } A=\{a_{1},a_{2},\ldots,a_{n}\} A={a1​,a2​,…,an​}

矩阵

\begin{matrix} 0 & 1 \\ 1 & 0 \end{matrix} → 0 1 1 0 \begin{matrix} 0 & 1 \\ 1 & 0 \end{matrix} 01​10​

\begin{pmatrix} 0 & -i \\ i & 0 \end{pmatrix} → ( 0 − i i 0 ) \begin{pmatrix} 0 & -i \\ i & 0 \end{pmatrix} (0i​−i0​)

\begin{bmatrix} 0 & -1 \\ 1 & 0 \end{bmatrix} → [ 0 − 1 1 0 ] \begin{bmatrix} 0 & -1 \\ 1 & 0 \end{bmatrix} [01​−10​]

\begin{Bmatrix} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & -1 \end{Bmatrix} → { 1 0 0 − 1 } \begin{Bmatrix} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & -1 \end{Bmatrix} {10​0−1​}

\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 1 & \ldots & 1 \\ 2 & 2^{2} & \ldots & 2^{n} \\ 3 & 3^{2} & \ldots & 3^{n} \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ n & n^{2} & \ldots & n^{n} \end{bmatrix} → [ 1 1 … 1 2 2 2 … 2 n 3 3 2 … 3 n ⋮ ⋮ ⋱ ⋮ n n 2 … n n ] \begin{bmatrix} 1 & 1 & \ldots & 1 \\ 2 & 2^{2} & \ldots & 2^{n} \\ 3 & 3^{2} & \ldots & 3^{n} \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ n & n^{2} & \ldots & n^{n} \end{bmatrix} ​123⋮n​12232⋮n2​………⋱…​12n3n⋮nn​ ​

行列式

\begin{vmatrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{vmatrix} → ∣ a b c d ∣ \begin{vmatrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{vmatrix} ​ac​bd​ ​

\begin{Vmatrix} i & 0 \\ 0 & -i \end{Vmatrix} → ∥ i 0 0 − i ∥ \begin{Vmatrix} i & 0 \\ 0 & -i \end{Vmatrix} ​i0​0−i​ ​

排列组合

\binom{a}{b}或\tbinom{a}{b} → ( a b ) \binom{a}{b} (ba​)

\dbinom{a}{b} → ( a b ) \dbinom{a}{b} (ba​)

C_{3}^{1} → C 3 1 C_{3}^{1} C31​

A_{3}^{1} → A 3 1 A_{3}^{1} A31​

分段函数

\Psi_{A}(x)=\begin{cases}1, & x\in{A} \\ 0, & x\notin{A} \end{cases} → Ψ A ( x ) = { 1 , x ∈ A 0 , x ∉ A \Psi_{A}(x)=\begin{cases}1, & x\in{A} \\ 0, & x\notin{A} \end{cases} ΨA​(x)={1,0,​x∈Ax∈/A​

化学方程式

C+O_{2}\stackrel{点燃}{\longrightarrow}{CO_{2}} → C + O 2 ⟶ 点燃 C O 2 C+O_{2}\stackrel{点燃}{\longrightarrow}{CO_{2}} C+O2​⟶点燃​CO2​

文本着色

\textcolor{red}{a+b=c} → a + b = c \textcolor{red}{a+b=c} a+b=c

文本加粗

不加粗：A → A A A

加粗：\textbf{A} → A \textbf{A} A