目前JAVA实现HTTP请求的方法用的最多的有两种:
1、通过HTTPClient这种第三方的开源框架去实现。HTTPClient对HTTP的封装性比较不错,通过它基本上能够满足我们大部分的需求,HttpClient3.1 是 org.apache.commons.httpclient下操作远程 url的工具包,虽然已不再更新,但实现工作中使用httpClient3.1的代码还是很多,HttpClient4.5是org.apache.http.client下操作远程 url的工具包,最新的; 2、通过HttpURLConnection去实现,HttpURLConnection是JAVA的标准类,是JAVA比较原生的一种实现方式。
实现过程:
GET: 1、创建远程连接 2、设置连接方式(get、post、put。。。) 3、设置连接超时时间 4、设置响应读取时间 5、发起请求 6、获取请求数据 7、关闭连接
POST: 1、创建远程连接 2、设置连接方式(get、post、put。。。) 3、设置连接超时时间 4、设置响应读取时间 5、当向远程服务器传送数据/写数据时,需要设置为true(setDoOutput) 6、当前向远程服务读取数据时,设置为true,该参数可有可无(setDoInput) 7、设置传入参数的格式:(setRequestProperty) 8、设置鉴权信息:Authorization:(setRequestProperty) 9、设置参数 10、发起请求 11、获取请求数据 12、关闭连接
Java原生HttpURLConnection
package com.ming.http;
import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* 文件名: ${file_name}
* 版权: Copyright by ljm
* 描述:
* 修改人: HuamingChen
* 修改时间:2018/10/24
* 跟踪单号:
* 修改单号:
* 修改内容:
*/
public class HttpURLConnectionUtil {
/**
* http get请求
* @param httpUrl 链接
* @return 响应数据
*/
public static String doGet(String httpUrl){
//链接
HttpURLConnection connection=null;
InputStream is=null;
BufferedReader br = null;
StringBuffer result=new StringBuffer();
try {
//创建连接
URL url=new URL(httpUrl);
connection= (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
//设置请求方式
connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
//设置连接超时时间
connection.setConnectTimeout(15000);
//设置读取超时时间
connection.setReadTimeout(15000);
//开始连接
connection.connect();
//获取响应数据
if(connection.getResponseCode()==200){
//获取返回的数据
is=connection.getInputStream();
if(is!=null){
br=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is,"UTF-8"));
String temp = null;
while ((temp=br.readLine())!=null){
result.append(temp);
}
}
}
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
if(br!=null){
try {
br.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(is!=null){
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
connection.disconnect();// 关闭远程连接
}
return result.toString();
}
/**
* post请求
* @param httpUrl 链接
* @param param 参数
* @return
*/
public static String doPost(String httpUrl, @Nullable String param) {
StringBuffer result=new StringBuffer();
//连接
HttpURLConnection connection=null;
OutputStream os=null;
InputStream is=null;
BufferedReader br=null;
try {
//创建连接对象
URL url=new URL(httpUrl);
//创建连接
connection= (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
//设置请求方法
connection.setRequestMethod("POST");
//设置连接超时时间
connection.setConnectTimeout(15000);
//设置读取超时时间
connection.setReadTimeout(15000);
//设置是否可读取
connection.setDoOutput(true);
//设置响应是否可读取
connection.setDoInput(true);
//设置参数类型
connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
//拼装参数
if(param!=null&&!param.equals("")){
//设置参数
os=connection.getOutputStream();
//拼装参数
os.write(param.getBytes("UTF-8"));
}
//设置权限
//设置请求头等
//开启连接
//connection.connect();
//读取响应
if(connection.getResponseCode()==200){
is=connection.getInputStream();
if(is!=null){
br=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is,"UTF-8"));
String temp=null;
if((temp=br.readLine())!=null){
result.append(temp);
}
}
}
//关闭连接
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
if(br!=null){
try {
br.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(os!=null){
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(is!=null){
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//关闭连接
connection.disconnect();
}
return result.toString();
}
public static void main(String[] str){
/*String result=HttpURLConnectionUtil.doGet("http://localhost:8080/test");
System.out.println(result);*/
/*Map map=new HashMap();
map.put("1","1");
map.put("2","2");
map.put("3","3");
System.out.println(HttpURLConnectionUtil.getParamStr(map));*/
}
}
Apache HttpClient3.1(common)
package com.ming.http;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Set;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.DefaultHttpMethodRetryHandler;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpStatus;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.GetMethod;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.PostMethod;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.params.HttpMethodParams;
/**
* 文件名: ${file_name}
* 版权: Copyright by ljm
* 描述:
* 修改人: HuamingChen
* 修改时间:2018/10/24
* 跟踪单号:
* 修改单号:
* 修改内容:
*/
public class HttpClient3 {
/**
* get请求
* @param url 链接
* @return 响应参数
*/
public static String doGet(String url) {
// 输入流
InputStream is = null;
BufferedReader br = null;
StringBuffer result=new StringBuffer();
// 创建httpClient实例
HttpClient httpClient=new HttpClient();
// 设置http连接主机服务超时时间:15000毫秒
// 先获取连接管理器对象,再获取参数对象,再进行参数的赋值
httpClient.getHttpConnectionManager().getParams().setConnectionTimeout(15000);
//创建请求方法
GetMethod getMethod=new GetMethod(url);
// 设置get请求超时为60000毫秒
getMethod.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.SO_TIMEOUT,60000);
// 设置请求重试机制,默认重试次数:3次,参数设置为true,重试机制可用,false相反
getMethod.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.RETRY_HANDLER,new DefaultHttpMethodRetryHandler(3, true));
//执行get方法
try {
int statusCode=httpClient.executeMethod(getMethod);
// 判断返回码
if (statusCode != HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
// 如果状态码返回的不是ok,说明失败了,打印错误信息
System.err.println("Method faild: " + getMethod.getStatusLine());
} else {
// 通过getMethod实例,获取远程的一个输入流
is = getMethod.getResponseBodyAsStream();
// 包装输入流
br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF-8"));
// 读取封装的输入流
String temp = null;
while ((temp = br.readLine()) != null) {
result.append(temp);
}
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
// 关闭资源
if (null != br) {
try {
br.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (null != is) {
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
// 释放连接
getMethod.releaseConnection();
}
return result.toString();
}
public static String doPost(String url, Map paramMap) {
// 获取输入流
InputStream is = null;
BufferedReader br = null;
String result = null;
// 创建httpClient实例对象
HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
// 设置httpClient连接主机服务器超时时间:15000毫秒
httpClient.getHttpConnectionManager().getParams().setConnectionTimeout(15000);
// 创建post请求方法实例对象
PostMethod postMethod = new PostMethod(url);
// 设置post请求超时时间
postMethod.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.SO_TIMEOUT, 60000);
NameValuePair[] nvp = null;
// 判断参数map集合paramMap是否为空
if (null != paramMap && paramMap.size() > 0) {// 不为空
// 创建键值参数对象数组,大小为参数的个数
nvp = new NameValuePair[paramMap.size()];
// 循环遍历参数集合map
Set entrySet = paramMap.entrySet();
// 获取迭代器
Iterator iterator = entrySet.iterator();
int index = 0;
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
Entry mapEntry = iterator.next();
// 从mapEntry中获取key和value创建键值对象存放到数组中
try {
nvp[index] = new NameValuePair(mapEntry.getKey(),
new String(mapEntry.getValue().toString().getBytes("UTF-8"), "UTF-8"));
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
index++;
}
}
// 判断nvp数组是否为空
if (null != nvp && nvp.length > 0) {
// 将参数存放到requestBody对象中
postMethod.setRequestBody(nvp);
}
// 执行POST方法
try {
int statusCode = httpClient.executeMethod(postMethod);
// 判断是否成功
if (statusCode != HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
System.err.println("Method faild: " + postMethod.getStatusLine());
}
// 获取远程返回的数据
is = postMethod.getResponseBodyAsStream();
// 封装输入流
br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF-8"));
StringBuffer sbf = new StringBuffer();
String temp = null;
while ((temp = br.readLine()) != null) {
sbf.append(temp);
}
result = sbf.toString();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 关闭资源
if (null != br) {
try {
br.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (null != is) {
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
// 释放连接
postMethod.releaseConnection();
}
return result;
}
public static void main(String[] str){
//System.out.println(HttpClient3.doGet("http://localhost:8080/test"));
Map map=new HashMap();
map.put("name","ming");
System.out.println(HttpClient3.doPost("http://localhost:8080/testPost",map));
}
}
Apache httpClient4.5
package com.ming.http;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
public class HttpClient4 {
public static String doGet(String url) {
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
String result = "";
try {
// 通过址默认配置创建一个httpClient实例
httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
// 创建httpGet远程连接实例
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
// 设置请求头信息,鉴权
httpGet.setHeader("Authorization", "Bearer da3efcbf-0845-4fe3-8aba-ee040be542c0");
// 设置配置请求参数
RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectTimeout(35000)// 连接主机服务超时时间
.setConnectionRequestTimeout(35000)// 请求超时时间
.setSocketTimeout(60000)// 数据读取超时时间
.build();
// 为httpGet实例设置配置
httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig);
// 执行get请求得到返回对象
response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
// 通过返回对象获取返回数据
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
// 通过EntityUtils中的toString方法将结果转换为字符串
result = EntityUtils.toString(entity);
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 关闭资源
if (null != response) {
try {
response.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (null != httpClient) {
try {
httpClient.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
return result;
}
public static String doPost(String url, Map paramMap) {
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
CloseableHttpResponse httpResponse = null;
String result = "";
// 创建httpClient实例
httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
// 创建httpPost远程连接实例
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
// 配置请求参数实例
RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectTimeout(35000)// 设置连接主机服务超时时间
.setConnectionRequestTimeout(35000)// 设置连接请求超时时间
.setSocketTimeout(60000)// 设置读取数据连接超时时间
.build();
// 为httpPost实例设置配置
httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);
// 设置请求头
httpPost.addHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
// 封装post请求参数
if (null != paramMap && paramMap.size() > 0) {
List nvps = new ArrayList();
// 通过map集成entrySet方法获取entity
Set entrySet = paramMap.entrySet();
// 循环遍历,获取迭代器
Iterator iterator = entrySet.iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
Entry mapEntry = iterator.next();
nvps.add(new BasicNameValuePair(mapEntry.getKey(), mapEntry.getValue().toString()));
}
// 为httpPost设置封装好的请求参数
try {
httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nvps, "UTF-8"));
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
try {
// httpClient对象执行post请求,并返回响应参数对象
httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
// 从响应对象中获取响应内容
HttpEntity entity = httpResponse.getEntity();
result = EntityUtils.toString(entity);
} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 关闭资源
if (null != httpResponse) {
try {
httpResponse.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (null != httpClient) {
try {
httpClient.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
return result;
}
public static void main(String str[]){
System.out.println(HttpClient4.doGet("http://localhost:8080/test"));
Map map=new HashMap();
map.put("name","ming");
System.out.println(HttpClient4.doPost("http://localhost:8080/testPost",map));
}
}
Spring RestTemplate(比较建议使用这种方法)
package com.ming.http;
import org.springframework.http.HttpEntity;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
/**
* 文件名: ${file_name}
* 版权: Copyright by ljm
* 描述:
* 修改人: HuamingChen
* 修改时间:2018/10/24
* 跟踪单号:
* 修改单号:
* 修改内容:
*/
public class HttpTemplate {
public static String httpGet(String url){
RestTemplate restTemplate=new RestTemplate();
String result=restTemplate.exchange(url, HttpMethod.GET,null,String.class).getBody();
return result;
}
public static String httpPost(String url,String name){
RestTemplate restTemplate=new RestTemplate();
return restTemplate.postForEntity(url,name,String.class).getBody();
}
public static void main(String str[]){
//System.out.println(HttpTemplate.httpGet("http://localhost:8080/test"));
System.out.println(HttpTemplate.httpPost("http://localhost:8080/testPost1","ming"));
}
}