File 类的常用方法
①、创建方法
1.boolean createNewFile() 不存在返回true 存在返回false 2.boolean mkdir() 创建目录，如果上一级目录不存在，则会创建失败 3.boolean mkdirs() 创建多级目录，如果上一级目录不存在也会自动创建
②、删除方法
1.boolean delete() 删除文件或目录，如果表示目录，则目录下必须为空才能删除 2.boolean deleteOnExit() 文件使用完成后删除
③、判断方法
1.boolean canExecute()判断文件是否可执行 2.boolean canRead()判断文件是否可读 3.boolean canWrite() 判断文件是否可写 4.boolean exists() 判断文件或目录是否存在 5.boolean isDirectory() 判断此路径是否为一个目录 6.boolean isFile() 判断是否为一个文件 7.boolean isHidden() 判断是否为隐藏文件 8.boolean isAbsolute()判断是否是绝对路径 文件不存在也能判断
④、获取方法
1.String getName() 获取此路径表示的文件或目录名称 2.String getPath() 将此路径名转换为路径名字符串 3.String getAbsolutePath() 返回此抽象路径名的绝对形式 4.String getParent()//如果没有父目录返回null 5.long lastModified()//获取最后一次修改的时间 6.long length() 返回由此抽象路径名表示的文件的长度。 7.boolean renameTo(File f) 重命名由此抽象路径名表示的文件。 8.File[] liseRoots()//获取机器盘符 9.String[] list() 返回一个字符串数组，命名由此抽象路径名表示的目录中的文件和目录。 10.String[] list(FilenameFilter filter) 返回一个字符串数组，命名由此抽象路径名表示的目录中满足指定过滤器的文件和目录。
package java.io;
import java.net.URI;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URISyntaxException;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.security.AccessController;
import java.security.SecureRandom;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.FileSystems;
import sun.security.action.GetPropertyAction;
public class File
implements Serializable, Comparable
{
/**
* The FileSystem object representing the platform's local file system.
*/
private static final FileSystem fs = DefaultFileSystem.getFileSystem();
/**
* This abstract pathname's normalized pathname string. A normalized
* pathname string uses the default name-separator character and does not
* contain any duplicate or redundant separators.
*
* @serial
*/
private final String path;
/**
* Enum type that indicates the status of a file path.
*/
private static enum PathStatus { INVALID, CHECKED };
/**
* The flag indicating whether the file path is invalid.
*/
private transient PathStatus status = null;
final boolean isInvalid() {
if (status == null) {
status = (this.path.indexOf('\u0000') < 0) ? PathStatus.CHECKED
: PathStatus.INVALID;
}
return status == PathStatus.INVALID;
}
/**
* The length of this abstract pathname's prefix, or zero if it has no
* prefix.
*/
private final transient int prefixLength;
/**
* Returns the length of this abstract pathname's prefix.
* For use by FileSystem classes.
*/
int getPrefixLength() {
return prefixLength;
}
public static final char separatorChar = fs.getSeparator();
/**
* The system-dependent default name-separator character, represented as a
* string for convenience. This string contains a single character, namely
* {@link #separatorChar}.
*/
public static final String separator = "" + separatorChar;
public static final char pathSeparatorChar = fs.getPathSeparator();
public static final String pathSeparator = "" + pathSeparatorChar;
/* -- Constructors -- */
/**
* Internal constructor for already-normalized pathname strings.
*/
private File(String pathname, int prefixLength) {
this.path = pathname;
this.prefixLength = prefixLength;
}
/**
* Internal constructor for already-normalized pathname strings.
* The parameter order is used to disambiguate this method from the
* public(File, String) constructor.
*/
private File(String child, File parent) {
assert parent.path != null;
assert (!parent.path.equals(""));
this.path = fs.resolve(parent.path, child);
this.prefixLength = parent.prefixLength;
}
/**
* Creates a new File instance by converting the given
* pathname string into an abstract pathname. If the given string is
* the empty string, then the result is the empty abstract pathname.
*
* @param pathname A pathname string
* @throws NullPointerException
* If the pathname argument is null
*/
public File(String pathname) {
if (pathname == null) {
throw new NullPointerException();
}
this.path = fs.normalize(pathname);
this.prefixLength = fs.prefixLength(this.path);
}
public File(String parent, String child) {
if (child == null) {
throw new NullPointerException();
}
if (parent != null) {
if (parent.equals("")) {
this.path = fs.resolve(fs.getDefaultParent(),
fs.normalize(child));
} else {
this.path = fs.resolve(fs.normalize(parent),
fs.normalize(child));
}
} else {
this.path = fs.normalize(child);
}
this.prefixLength = fs.prefixLength(this.path);
}
public File(File parent, String child) {
if (child == null) {
throw new NullPointerException();
}
if (parent != null) {
if (parent.path.equals("")) {
this.path = fs.resolve(fs.getDefaultParent(),
fs.normalize(child));
} else {
this.path = fs.resolve(parent.path,
fs.normalize(child));
}
} else {
this.path = fs.normalize(child);
}
this.prefixLength = fs.prefixLength(this.path);
}
public File(URI uri) {
// Check our many preconditions
if (!uri.isAbsolute())
throw new IllegalArgumentException("URI is not absolute");
if (uri.isOpaque())
throw new IllegalArgumentException("URI is not hierarchical");
String scheme = uri.getScheme();
if ((scheme == null) || !scheme.equalsIgnoreCase("file"))
throw new IllegalArgumentException("URI scheme is not \"file\"");
if (uri.getAuthority() != null)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("URI has an authority component");
if (uri.getFragment() != null)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("URI has a fragment component");
if (uri.getQuery() != null)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("URI has a query component");
String p = uri.getPath();
if (p.equals(""))
throw new IllegalArgumentException("URI path component is empty");
// Okay, now initialize
p = fs.fromURIPath(p);
if (File.separatorChar != '/')
p = p.replace('/', File.separatorChar);
this.path = fs.normalize(p);
this.prefixLength = fs.prefixLength(this.path);
}
/* -- Path-component accessors -- */
/**
* Returns the name of the file or directory denoted by this abstract
* pathname. This is just the last name in the pathname's name
* sequence. If the pathname's name sequence is empty, then the empty
* string is returned.
*
* @return The name of the file or directory denoted by this abstract
* pathname, or the empty string if this pathname's name sequence
* is empty
*/
public String getName() {
int index = path.lastIndexOf(separatorChar);
if (index < prefixLength) return path.substring(prefixLength);
return path.substring(index + 1);
}
/**
* Returns the pathname string of this abstract pathname's parent, or
* null if this pathname does not name a parent directory.
*
* The parent of an abstract pathname consists of the
* pathname's prefix, if any, and each name in the pathname's name
* sequence except for the last. If the name sequence is empty then
* the pathname does not name a parent directory.
*
* @return The pathname string of the parent directory named by this
* abstract pathname, or null if this pathname
* does not name a parent
*/
public String getParent() {
int index = path.lastIndexOf(separatorChar);
if (index < prefixLength) {
if ((prefixLength > 0) && (path.length() > prefixLength))
return path.substring(0, prefixLength);
return null;
}
return path.substring(0, index);
}
public File getParentFile() {
String p = this.getParent();
if (p == null) return null;
return new File(p, this.prefixLength);
}
/**
* Converts this abstract pathname into a pathname string. The resulting
* string uses the {@link #separator default name-separator character} to
* separate the names in the name sequence.
*
* @return The string form of this abstract pathname
*/
public String getPath() {
return path;
}
public boolean isAbsolute() {
return fs.isAbsolute(this);
}
public String getAbsolutePath() {
return fs.resolve(this);
}
public File getAbsoluteFile() {
String absPath = getAbsolutePath();
return new File(absPath, fs.prefixLength(absPath));
}
public String getCanonicalPath() throws IOException {
if (isInvalid()) {
throw new IOException("Invalid file path");
}
return fs.canonicalize(fs.resolve(this));
}
public File getCanonicalFile() throws IOException {
String canonPath = getCanonicalPath();
return new File(canonPath, fs.prefixLength(canonPath));
}
private static String slashify(String path, boolean isDirectory) {
String p = path;
if (File.separatorChar != '/')
p = p.replace(File.separatorChar, '/');
if (!p.startsWith("/"))
p = "/" + p;
if (!p.endsWith("/") && isDirectory)
p = p + "/";
return p;
}
@Deprecated
public URL toURL() throws MalformedURLException {
if (isInvalid()) {
throw new MalformedURLException("Invalid file path");
}
return new URL("file", "", slashify(getAbsolutePath(), isDirectory()));
}
public URI toURI() {
try {
File f = getAbsoluteFile();
String sp = slashify(f.getPath(), f.isDirectory());
if (sp.startsWith("//"))
sp = "//" + sp;
return new URI("file", null, sp, null);
} catch (URISyntaxException x) {
throw new Error(x); // Can't happen
}
}
public boolean canRead() {
SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
if (security != null) {
security.checkRead(path);
}
if (isInvalid()) {
return false;
}
return fs.checkAccess(this, FileSystem.ACCESS_READ);
}
public boolean canWrite() {
SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
if (security != null) {
security.checkWrite(path);
}
if (isInvalid()) {
return false;
}
return fs.checkAccess(this, FileSystem.ACCESS_WRITE);
}
public boolean exists() {
SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
if (security != null) {
security.checkRead(path);
}
if (isInvalid()) {
return false;
}
return ((fs.getBooleanAttributes(this) & FileSystem.BA_EXISTS) != 0);
}
public boolean isDirectory() {
SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
if (security != null) {
security.checkRead(path);
}
if (isInvalid()) {
return false;
}
return ((fs.getBooleanAttributes(this) & FileSystem.BA_DIRECTORY)
!= 0);
}
public boolean isFile() {
SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
if (security != null) {
security.checkRead(path);
}
if (isInvalid()) {
return false;
}
return ((fs.getBooleanAttributes(this) & FileSystem.BA_REGULAR) != 0);
}
public boolean isHidden() {
SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
if (security != null) {
security.checkRead(path);
}
if (isInvalid()) {
return false;
}
return ((fs.getBooleanAttributes(this) & FileSystem.BA_HIDDEN) != 0);
}
public long lastModified() {
SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
if (security != null) {
security.checkRead(path);
}
if (isInvalid()) {
return 0L;
}
return fs.getLastModifiedTime(this);
}
public long length() {
SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
if (security != null) {
security.checkRead(path);
}
if (isInvalid()) {
return 0L;
}
return fs.getLength(this);
}
/* -- File operations -- */
public boolean createNewFile() throws IOException {
SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
if (security != null) security.checkWrite(path);
if (isInvalid()) {
throw new IOException("Invalid file path");
}
return fs.createFileExclusively(path);
}
public boolean delete() {
SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
if (security != null) {
security.checkDelete(path);
}
if (isInvalid()) {
return false;
}
return fs.delete(this);
}
public void deleteOnExit() {
SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
if (security != null) {
security.checkDelete(path);
}
if (isInvalid()) {
return;
}
DeleteOnExitHook.add(path);
}
public String[] list() {
SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
if (security != null) {
security.checkRead(path);
}
if (isInvalid()) {
return null;
}
return fs.list(this);
}
public String[] list(FilenameFilter filter) {
String names[] = list();
if ((names == null) || (filter == null)) {
return names;
}
List v = new ArrayList();
for (int i = 0 ; i < names.length ; i++) {
if (filter.accept(this, names[i])) {
v.add(names[i]);
}
}
return v.toArray(new String[v.size()]);
}
public File[] listFiles() {
String[] ss = list();
if (ss == null) return null;
int n = ss.length;
File[] fs = new File[n];
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
fs[i] = new File(ss[i], this);
}
return fs;
}
public File[] listFiles(FilenameFilter filter) {
String ss[] = list();
if (ss == null) return null;
ArrayList files = new ArrayList();
for (String s : ss)
if ((filter == null) || filter.accept(this, s))
files.add(new File(s, this));
return files.toArray(new File[files.size()]);
}
/**
* Returns an array of abstract pathnames denoting the files and
* directories in the directory denoted by this abstract pathname that
* satisfy the specified filter. The behavior of this method is the same
* as that of the {@link #listFiles()} method, except that the pathnames in
* the returned array must satisfy the filter. If the given {@code filter}
* is {@code null} then all pathnames are accepted. Otherwise, a pathname
* satisfies the filter if and only if the value {@code true} results when
* the {@link FileFilter#accept FileFilter.accept(File)} method of the
* filter is invoked on the pathname.
*
* @param filter
* A file filter
*
* @return An array of abstract pathnames denoting the files and
* directories in the directory denoted by this abstract pathname.
* The array will be empty if the directory is empty. Returns
* {@code null} if this abstract pathname does not denote a
* directory, or if an I/O error occurs.
*
* @throws SecurityException
* If a security manager exists and its {@link
* SecurityManager#checkRead(String)} method denies read access to
* the directory
*
* @since 1.2
* @see java.nio.file.Files#newDirectoryStream(Path,java.nio.file.DirectoryStream.Filter)
*/
public File[] listFiles(FileFilter filter) {
String ss[] = list();
if (ss == null) return null;
ArrayList files = new ArrayList();
for (String s : ss) {
File f = new File(s, this);
if ((filter == null) || filter.accept(f))
files.add(f);
}
return files.toArray(new File[files.size()]);
}
/**
* Creates the directory named by this abstract pathname.
*
* @return true if and only if the directory was
* created; false otherwise
*
* @throws SecurityException
* If a security manager exists and its {@link
* java.lang.SecurityManager#checkWrite(java.lang.String)}
* method does not permit the named directory to be created
*/
public boolean mkdir() {
SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
if (security != null) {
security.checkWrite(path);
}
if (isInvalid()) {
return false;
}
return fs.createDirectory(this);
}
/**
* Creates the directory named by this abstract pathname, including any
* necessary but nonexistent parent directories. Note that if this
* operation fails it may have succeeded in creating some of the necessary
* parent directories.
*
* @return true if and only if the directory was created,
* along with all necessary parent directories; false
* otherwise
*
* @throws SecurityException
* If a security manager exists and its {@link
* java.lang.SecurityManager#checkRead(java.lang.String)}
* method does not permit verification of the existence of the
* named directory and all necessary parent directories; or if
* the {@link
* java.lang.SecurityManager#checkWrite(java.lang.String)}
* method does not permit the named directory and all necessary
* parent directories to be created
*/
public boolean mkdirs() {
if (exists()) {
return false;
}
if (mkdir()) {
return true;
}
File canonFile = null;
try {
canonFile = getCanonicalFile();
} catch (IOException e) {
return false;
}
File parent = canonFile.getParentFile();
return (parent != null && (parent.mkdirs() || parent.exists()) &&
canonFile.mkdir());
}
/**
* Renames the file denoted by this abstract pathname.
*
*
Many aspects of the behavior of this method are inherently
* platform-dependent: The rename operation might not be able to move a
* file from one filesystem to another, it might not be atomic, and it
* might not succeed if a file with the destination abstract pathname
* already exists. The return value should always be checked to make sure
* that the rename operation was successful.
*
*
Note that the {@link java.nio.file.Files} class defines the {@link
* java.nio.file.Files#move move} method to move or rename a file in a
* platform independent manner.
*
* @param dest The new abstract pathname for the named file
*
* @return true if and only if the renaming succeeded;
* false otherwise
*
* @throws SecurityException
* If a security manager exists and its {@link
* java.lang.SecurityManager#checkWrite(java.lang.String)}
* method denies write access to either the old or new pathnames
*
* @throws NullPointerException
* If parameter dest is null
*/
public boolean renameTo(File dest) {
SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
if (security != null) {
security.checkWrite(path);
security.checkWrite(dest.path);
}
if (dest == null) {
throw new NullPointerException();
}
if (this.isInvalid() || dest.isInvalid()) {
return false;
}
return fs.rename(this, dest);
}
/**
* Sets the last-modified time of the file or directory named by this
* abstract pathname.
*
*
All platforms support file-modification times to the nearest second,
* but some provide more precision. The argument will be truncated to fit
* the supported precision. If the operation succeeds and no intervening
* operations on the file take place, then the next invocation of the
* {@link #lastModified} method will return the (possibly
* truncated) time argument that was passed to this method.
*
* @param time The new last-modified time, measured in milliseconds since
* the epoch (00:00:00 GMT, January 1, 1970)
*
* @return true if and only if the operation succeeded;
* false otherwise
*
* @throws IllegalArgumentException If the argument is negative
*
* @throws SecurityException
* If a security manager exists and its {@link
* java.lang.SecurityManager#checkWrite(java.lang.String)}
* method denies write access to the named file
*
* @since 1.2
*/
public boolean setLastModified(long time) {
if (time < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Negative time");
SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
if (security != null) {
security.checkWrite(path);
}
if (isInvalid()) {
return false;
}
return fs.setLastModifiedTime(this, time);
}
public boolean setReadOnly() {
SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
if (security != null) {
security.checkWrite(path);
}
if (isInvalid()) {
return false;
}
return fs.setReadOnly(this);
}
public boolean setWritable(boolean writable, boolean ownerOnly) {
SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
if (security != null) {
security.checkWrite(path);
}
if (isInvalid()) {
return false;
}
return fs.setPermission(this, FileSystem.ACCESS_WRITE, writable, ownerOnly);
}
public boolean setWritable(boolean writable) {
return setWritable(writable, true);
}
public boolean setReadable(boolean readable, boolean ownerOnly) {
SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
if (security != null) {
security.checkWrite(path);
}
if (isInvalid()) {
return false;
}
return fs.setPermission(this, FileSystem.ACCESS_READ, readable, ownerOnly);
}
public boolean setReadable(boolean readable) {
return setReadable(readable, true);
}
public boolean setExecutable(boolean executable, boolean ownerOnly) {
SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
if (security != null) {
security.checkWrite(path);
}
if (isInvalid()) {
return false;
}
return fs.setPermission(this, FileSystem.ACCESS_EXECUTE, executable, ownerOnly);
}
public boolean setExecutable(boolean executable) {
return setExecutable(executable, true);
}
public boolean canExecute() {
SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
if (security != null) {
security.checkExec(path);
}
if (isInvalid()) {
return false;
}
return fs.checkAccess(this, FileSystem.ACCESS_EXECUTE);
}
public static File[] listRoots() {
return fs.listRoots();
}
public long getTotalSpace() {
SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
if (sm != null) {
sm.checkPermission(new RuntimePermission("getFileSystemAttributes"));
sm.checkRead(path);
}
if (isInvalid()) {
return 0L;
}
return fs.getSpace(this, FileSystem.SPACE_TOTAL);
}
public long getFreeSpace() {
SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
if (sm != null) {
sm.checkPermission(new RuntimePermission("getFileSystemAttributes"));
sm.checkRead(path);
}
if (isInvalid()) {
return 0L;
}
return fs.getSpace(this, FileSystem.SPACE_FREE);
}
public long getUsableSpace() {
SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
if (sm != null) {
sm.checkPermission(new RuntimePermission("getFileSystemAttributes"));
sm.checkRead(path);
}
if (isInvalid()) {
return 0L;
}
return fs.getSpace(this, FileSystem.SPACE_USABLE);
}
/* -- Temporary files -- */
private static class TempDirectory {
private TempDirectory() { }
// temporary directory location
private static final File tmpdir = new File(AccessController
.doPrivileged(new GetPropertyAction("java.io.tmpdir")));
static File location() {
return tmpdir;
}
// file name generation
private static final SecureRandom random = new SecureRandom();
static File generateFile(String prefix, String suffix, File dir)
throws IOException
{
long n = random.nextLong();
if (n == Long.MIN_VALUE) {
n = 0; // corner case
} else {
n = Math.abs(n);
}
// Use only the file name from the supplied prefix
prefix = (new File(prefix)).getName();
String name = prefix + Long.toString(n) + suffix;
File f = new File(dir, name);
if (!name.equals(f.getName()) || f.isInvalid()) {
if (System.getSecurityManager() != null)
throw new IOException("Unable to create temporary file");
else
throw new IOException("Unable to create temporary file, " + f);
}
return f;
}
}
public static File createTempFile(String prefix, String suffix,
File directory)
throws IOException
{
if (prefix.length() < 3)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Prefix string too short");
if (suffix == null)
suffix = ".tmp";
File tmpdir = (directory != null) ? directory
: TempDirectory.location();
SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
File f;
do {
f = TempDirectory.generateFile(prefix, suffix, tmpdir);
if (sm != null) {
try {
sm.checkWrite(f.getPath());
} catch (SecurityException se) {
// don't reveal temporary directory location
if (directory == null)
throw new SecurityException("Unable to create temporary file");
throw se;
}
}
} while ((fs.getBooleanAttributes(f) & FileSystem.BA_EXISTS) != 0);
if (!fs.createFileExclusively(f.getPath()))
throw new IOException("Unable to create temporary file");
return f;
}
public static File createTempFile(String prefix, String suffix)
throws IOException
{
return createTempFile(prefix, suffix, null);
}
public int compareTo(File pathname) {
return fs.compare(this, pathname);
}
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
if ((obj != null) && (obj instanceof File)) {
return compareTo((File)obj) == 0;
}
return false;
}
public int hashCode() {
return fs.hashCode(this);
}
public String toString() {
return getPath();
}
private synchronized void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s)
throws IOException
{
s.defaultWriteObject();
s.writeChar(separatorChar); // Add the separator character
}
private synchronized void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s)
throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException
{
ObjectInputStream.GetField fields = s.readFields();
String pathField = (String)fields.get("path", null);
char sep = s.readChar(); // read the previous separator char
if (sep != separatorChar)
pathField = pathField.replace(sep, separatorChar);
String path = fs.normalize(pathField);
UNSAFE.putObject(this, PATH_OFFSET, path);
UNSAFE.putIntVolatile(this, PREFIX_LENGTH_OFFSET, fs.prefixLength(path));
}
private static final long PATH_OFFSET;
private static final long PREFIX_LENGTH_OFFSET;
private static final sun.misc.Unsafe UNSAFE;
static {
try {
sun.misc.Unsafe unsafe = sun.misc.Unsafe.getUnsafe();
PATH_OFFSET = unsafe.objectFieldOffset(
File.class.getDeclaredField("path"));
PREFIX_LENGTH_OFFSET = unsafe.objectFieldOffset(
File.class.getDeclaredField("prefixLength"));
UNSAFE = unsafe;
} catch (ReflectiveOperationException e) {
throw new Error(e);
}
}
/** use serialVersionUID from JDK 1.0.2 for interoperability */
private static final long serialVersionUID = 301077366599181567L;
// -- Integration with java.nio.file --
private volatile transient Path filePath;
public Path toPath() {
Path result = filePath;
if (result == null) {
synchronized (this) {
result = filePath;
if (result == null) {
result = FileSystems.getDefault().getPath(path);
filePath = result;
}
}
}
return result;
}
}
