字符串还支持 切片。索引可以提取单个字符,切片 则提取子字符串:
>>>
>>> word[0:2] # characters from position 0 (included) to 2 (excluded)
'Py'
>>> word[2:5] # characters from position 2 (included) to 5 (excluded)
'tho'
注意,输出结果包含切片开始,但不包含切片结束。因此,s[:i] + s[i:]
总是等于 s
:
>>>
>>> word[:2] + word[2:]
'Python'
>>> word[:4] + word[4:]
'Python'
切片索引的默认值很有用;省略开始索引时,默认值为 0,省略结束索引时,默认为到字符串的结尾:
>>>
>>> word[:2] # character from the beginning to position 2 (excluded)
'Py'
>>> word[4:] # characters from position 4 (included) to the end
'on'
>>> word[-2:] # characters from the second-last (included) to the end
'on'
还可以这样理解切片,索引指向的是字符 之间 ,第一个字符的左侧标为 0,最后一个字符的右侧标为 n ,n 是字符串长度。例如:
+---+---+---+---+---+---+
| P | y | t | h | o | n |
+---+---+---+---+---+---+
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1
第一行数字是字符串中索引 0…6 的位置,第二行数字是对应的负数索引位置。i 到 j 的切片由 i 和 j 之间所有对应的字符组成。
对于使用非负索引的切片,如果两个索引都不越界,切片长度就是起止索引之差。例如, word[1:3]
的长度是 2。
索引越界会报错:
>>>
>>> word[42] # the word only has 6 characters
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "", line 1, in
IndexError: string index out of range
但是,切片会自动处理越界索引:
>>>
>>> word[4:42]
'on'
>>> word[42:]
''