Python编程：json模块和pickle模块

普通文件读写

# 文件写入
info = {
    "name": "Tom",
    "age": 23
}

f = open("info.txt", "w")
f.write(str(info))  # {'name': 'Tom', 'age': 23}
f.close()

# 文件读取
f = open("info.txt", "r")
data = eval(f.read())
f.close()
print(type(data), data)
#  {'name': 'Tom', 'age': 23}

通过json

import json

# 序列化，只能一次
f = open("info2.txt", "w")
json.dump(info, f)  #相当于 f.write(json.dumps(info))
# {"name": "Tom", "age": 23}
f.close()

# 反序列化，只能一次
f = open("info2.txt", "r")
data = json.load(f)  #相当于： data = json.loads(f.read())
f.close()
print(type(data), data)
#  {'name': 'Tom', 'age': 23}

如果需要有乱码或者需要美观缩进对齐，可以使用如下方式进行格式化输出：

with open("result.txt", "w") as f:
    txt = json.dumps(lst, ensure_ascii=False, indent=4)
    f.write(txt)

参考: python json.dumps()函数输出json格式，使用indent参数对json数据格式化输出

通过pickle

try:
    import cPickle as pickle # c语言，读写更快
except ImportError:
    import pickle

# 写入
def sayHi():
    print("Hello world!")

info = {
    "name": "Tom",
    "age": 23,
    "func": sayHi
}

f = open("info3.txt", "wb")
f.write(pickle.dumps(info))  # 等价于：pickle.dump(info, f)
f.close()
"""
�}q (X   funcqc__main__
sayHi
qX   ageqKX   nameqX   Tomqu.
"""

# 读取
f = open("info3.txt", "rb")
data = pickle.loads(f.read())  # 等价于：pickle.load(f)

f.close()
print(type(data),data)
#  {'name': 'Tom', 'func': , 'age': 23}
data["func"]()  # 调用 Hello world!