composer的基本使用和常见报错解决

文档

• Composer 中文文档
• Composer 安装与使用-菜鸟教程

一、安装和使用 1.1 安装

# 全局安装
php -r "copy('https://install.phpcomposer.com/installer', 'composer-setup.php');"

php composer-setup.php

mv composer.phar /usr/local/bin/composer

方式二

curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php
mv composer.phar /usr/local/bin/composer

1.2 镜像切换

# 全局切换国内镜像
# 阿里云
composer config -g repo.packagist composer https://mirrors.aliyun.com/composer/
# 中国全量镜像
composer config -g repo.packagist composer https://packagist.phpcomposer.com

# 取消全局配置
composer config -g --unset repos.packagist


# 当前工程切换配置
composer config repo.packagist composer https://mirrors.aliyun.com/composer/

# 取消当前工程配置
composer config --unset repos.packagist

# 清除缓存
composer clear

1.3 基本使用

# 安装依赖包
composer install

# 安装依赖
composer require monolog/monolog

# 安装依赖,指定版本号
composer require "guzzlehttp/guzzle=6.5"

# 安装依赖 composer.lock
composer install

# 更新所有依赖 composer.json
composer update

# 移除一个包及其依赖
composer remove monolog/monolog

# 列出所有已经安装的包
composer show

二、问题及解决 2.1 问题1

执行以下命令：

composer require sonata-project/doctrine-orm-admin-bundle "2.3.*"

报错：

PHP Fatal error:  Allowed memory size of 1610612736 bytes exhausted (tried to allocate 32 bytes)

解决：

php -r "echo ini_get('memory_limit').PHP_EOL;"  # 查看memory大小

COMPOSER_MEMORY_LIMIT=-1 composer require sonata-project/doctrine-orm-admin-bundle  # 临时设置memory大小

参看官方说明（打开太慢了）： https://getcomposer.org/doc/articles/troubleshooting.md#memory-limit-errors

2.2 问题2

but these conflict with your requirements or minimum-stability.

解决：在composer.json中添加以下

"minimum-stability": "dev",

参考 Composer问题集锦

2.3 问题3

[Symfony\Component\Process\Exception\RuntimeException] 
The Process class relies on proc_open, which is not available on your PHP installation. *

解决方法： 打开php.ini，搜索disable_functions指令

disable_functions = passthru,exec,system,chroot,scandir,chgrp,chown,shell_exec,proc_get_status,popen,ini_alter,ini_restore,dl,openlog,syslog,readlink,symlink,popepassthru,stream_socket_server

找到proc_open并删除即可

同理,一下报错也使用同样的方式处理

proc_get_status() has been disabled for security reasons

# 以下两个配置需要删除
disable_functions = proc_get_status,proc_open

参考 [Symfony\Component\Process\Exception\RuntimeException] The Proc 使用composer提示[ErrorException ]proc_get_status() has been disabled for security reasons 的解决方法

2.4 指定PHP版本

/usr/local/php71/bin/php /usr/local/bin/composer install