Python编程：elasticsearch库操作Elasticsearch

使用Python 的接口库elasticsearch 对ES数据库进行操作

安装

pip install elasticsearch

ES 文档：https://elasticsearch-py.readthedocs.io/en/master/

1、创建新的索引

中文搜索需要制定ik分词器，类似结巴jieba

IK分词器文档： https://github.com/medcl/elasticsearch-analysis-ik

PUT http://localhost:9200/blog

{
    "settings" : {
        "index" : {
            "analysis.analyzer.default.type": "ik_max_word"
        } 
    } 
}

2、检查分词效果

如果没有使用中文分词器，默认单个字符分隔，出现词组说明分词器设置成功

POST http://localhost:9200/blog/_analyze

{"field":"title", "text":"拼多多确认警方成立专案组 实际资损大概率低于千万"}

{
    "tokens": [
        {
            "token": "拼",
            "start_offset": 0,
            "end_offset": 1,
            "type": "CN_CHAR",
            "position": 0
        },
        {
            "token": "多多",
            "start_offset": 1,
            "end_offset": 3,
            "type": "CN_WORD",
            "position": 1
        },
        {
            "token": "确认",
            "start_offset": 3,
            "end_offset": 5,
            "type": "CN_WORD",
            "position": 2
        },
        {
            "token": "警方",
            "start_offset": 5,
            "end_offset": 7,
            "type": "CN_WORD",
            "position": 3
        }
        ...
    ]
}

3、添加数据

from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch

# 实例化
es = Elasticsearch()

# 批量提交数据, 注意格式，一行指令一行数据

bulk_doc = """
{"index":{ "_index": "blog", "_type": "post", "_id": "001" }}
{"title": "比亚迪：今年将推出多款新车型","post_time": "2019-01-21 14:22:58","source": "36氪"}
{"index":{ "_index": "blog", "_type": "post", "_id": "002" }}
{"title": "亚马逊：2018年近20万第三方卖家年销售额超10万美元，同比增长40%","post_time": "2019-01-21 14:21:01","source": "雨果网"}
{"index":{ "_index": "blog", "_type": "post", "_id": "003" }}
{"title": "拼多多确认警方成立专案组 实际资损大概率低于千万","post_time": "2019-01-21 14:15:52","source": "新浪财经"}
"""

result = es.bulk(bulk_doc)
print(result)
"""
{
    "took":30,
    "errors":false,
    "items":[
        {
            "index":{
                "_index":"blog",
                "_type":"post",
                "_id":"001",
                "_version":1,
                "result":"created",
                "_shards":{
                    "total":2,
                    "successful":1,
                    "failed":0
                },
                "_seq_no":0,
                "_primary_term":1,
                "status":201
            }
        }
        ...
    ]
}
"""

4、搜索查询

query_body = {
    "query": {
        "term": {
            "title": "多多"
        }
    }
}
ret = es.search("blog", "post", query_body)
print(ret)
"""
{
    "took":2,
    "timed_out":false,
    "_shards":{
        "total":5,
        "successful":5,
        "skipped":0,
        "failed":0
    },
    "hits":{
        "total":1,
        "max_score":0.2876821,
        "hits":[
            {
                "_index":"blog",
                "_type":"post",
                "_id":"003",
                "_score":0.2876821,
                "_source":{
                    "title":"拼多多确认警方成立专案组 实际资损大概率低于千万",
                    "post_time":"2019-01-21 14:15:52",
                    "source":"新浪财经"
                }
            }
        ]
    }
}
"""

如果不使用分词器，也可以使用短语查询

query_body = {
    "query": {
        "match_phrase": {
            "title": "拼多多"
        }
    }
}